Huo Mingyi, Zheng Yanpei, Huang Jun
College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Information Network Company of Gansu Civil Aviation Airport Group Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Jul 18;20(7):e0328297. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0328297. eCollection 2025.
In the digital era, the security of images, as critical carriers of information, is paramount for national security, military strategy, and personal privacy protection. Therefore, developing efficient and cost-effective image encryption technologies to ensure the security of image data during transmission has become an urgent necessity. Although the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), a widely used symmetric encryption method, performs excellently in data communication and network security, its efficiency and security face significant challenges when directly applied to image encryption due to the inherent complexity of image data. This paper presents a simplified AES image encryption framework based on a three-dimensional hyperchaotic system (TDHCS). The crux of this framework is the incorporation of a novel TDHCS, distinguished by its intricate nonlinear dynamics and robust randomness. The AES encryption process is simplified based on the high-level random chaotic sequences generated by TDHCS. In contrast to the traditional fixed S-box, a dynamic S-box generation scheme is employed, while a random operation scheme is proposed as a substitute for fixed sequences in the round key addition and row shifting steps. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces encryption time to 2.2369 s for a 256[Formula: see text]256 grayscale image, representing an 87.08% improvement over traditional AES (17.3090 s) and a 48.41% improvement over other AES-based chaotic encryption algorithms (4.3360 s). Furthermore, the security analysis demonstrates that the algorithm effectively resists differential attacks, achieving NPCR, UACI, and BACI values with deviations of only 0.0031%, 0.0046%, and 0.0288%, respectively. The proposed algorithm markedly reduces the number of encryption rounds to one while enhancing both efficiency and security. Simulation results confirm its robustness against various cryptographic attacks, demonstrating its potential as a preferred solution for digital image privacy protection.
在数字时代，图像作为信息的关键载体，其安全性对于国家安全、军事战略和个人隐私保护至关重要。因此，开发高效且经济高效的图像加密技术以确保图像数据在传输过程中的安全已成为当务之急。尽管高级加密标准（AES）作为一种广泛使用的对称加密方法，在数据通信和网络安全方面表现出色，但由于图像数据固有的复杂性，直接应用于图像加密时，其效率和安全性面临重大挑战。本文提出了一种基于三维超混沌系统（TDHCS）的简化AES图像加密框架。该框架的关键在于引入了一种新颖的TDHCS，其具有复杂的非线性动力学和强大的随机性。基于TDHCS生成的高级随机混沌序列简化了AES加密过程。与传统的固定S盒不同，采用了动态S盒生成方案，同时提出了一种随机操作方案来替代轮密钥加和行移位步骤中的固定序列。实验结果表明，对于一幅256×256的灰度图像，所提算法将加密时间缩短至2.2369秒，相较于传统AES（17.3090秒）提高了87.08%，相较于其他基于AES的混沌加密算法（4.3360秒）提高了48.41%。此外，安全性分析表明，该算法能有效抵御差分攻击，非相邻像素改变率（NPCR）、归一化平均绝对偏差（UACI）和块平均相关系数（BACI）值的偏差分别仅为0.0031%、0.0046%和0.0288%。所提算法显著将加密轮数减少至一轮，同时提高了效率和安全性。仿真结果证实了其对各种密码攻击的鲁棒性，表明其作为数字图像隐私保护首选解决方案的潜力。
