Sarmad Javaid Syed, Ans Muhammad, Mehak Kamal Ayesha, Shams Sarwari Areeba, Mazhar Rabeea, Faizan Ghori Fareeha, Motasim Nayab, Kaleem Ahmed Amna, Zahoor Fatima, Farooq Omer, Noor Fatima, Ahmed Shaikh Faraz, Zehra Fatima Afghan Syeda
University of Mississipi Medical Center, USA.
Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan.
J Clin Neurosci. 2025 Jul 17;140:111513. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2025.111513.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fifth leading cause of death for those aged 65 and older, and Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in the United States. These diseases are often linked.
To analyze mortality trends and demographic variations in pneumonia and AD related deaths among older adults.
A cross-sectional analysis of death certificates from the CDC WONDER database assessed pneumonia and AD related mortality trends among adults aged 65 and older. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 and annual percent change (APC) in AAMR were measured across demographic and geographic subgroups.
From 1999 to 2020, 303,358 pneumonia and AD related deaths occurred among adults aged 65 and older. The AAMR declined from 52.2 in 1999 to 24.0 in 2020, with a sharp decline from 2005 to 2013 (APC: -8.59). Men had higher AAMR than women (36.3 vs 30.4). Non-Hispanic White adults had the highest AAMR (34.4), followed by Hispanic/Latino (26.7), Non-Hispanic Black (24.0), Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (23.0), and Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (20.1). Mortality rates varied regionally, from 14.23 in Nevada to 71.43 in Washington. Non-metropolitan areas had higher AAMR (39.5) than metropolitan areas (31.2). States like Washington, Vermont, and South Dakota had significantly higher AAMRs.
Overall, Pneumonia and AD related mortality among older adults declined from 1999 to 2020, but when discussing annual trends within races, especially in non-Hispanic Black individuals, the AAMR saw a significant rise from 2018 to 2020. The highest AAMRs were seen in non-Hispanic White adults, men, and those in non-metropolitan areas. Targeted strategies are needed.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是65岁及以上人群的第五大死因，而肺炎是美国的主要死因之一。这些疾病常常相互关联。
分析老年人中肺炎和AD相关死亡的死亡率趋势及人口统计学差异。
对疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）WONDER数据库中的死亡证明进行横断面分析，评估65岁及以上成年人中肺炎和AD相关的死亡率趋势。测量了每10万人的粗死亡率和年龄调整死亡率（AAMR）以及AAMR的年度变化百分比（APC），涉及不同人口统计学和地理亚组。
1999年至2020年期间，65岁及以上成年人中有303,358例肺炎和AD相关死亡。AAMR从1999年的52.2降至2020年的24.0，在2005年至2013年期间急剧下降（APC：-8.59）。男性的AAMR高于女性（36.3对30.4）。非西班牙裔白人成年人的AAMR最高（34.4），其次是西班牙裔/拉丁裔（26.7）、非西班牙裔黑人（24.0）、非西班牙裔美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民（23.0）以及非西班牙裔亚裔/太平洋岛民（20.1）。死亡率存在地区差异，内华达州为14.23，华盛顿州为71.43。非大都市地区的AAMR（39.5）高于大都市地区（31.2）。华盛顿州、佛蒙特州和南达科他州等州的AAMR显著更高。
总体而言，1999年至2020年期间老年人中肺炎和AD相关死亡率有所下降，但在讨论种族内部的年度趋势时，尤其是非西班牙裔黑人个体，AAMR在2018年至2020年期间显著上升。非西班牙裔白人成年人、男性以及非大都市地区的人群AAMR最高。需要针对性的策略。
