Li Yaning, Li Chuankang, Zhou Caiwei, Wang Jie, Li Weixing, Pan Tianying, He Chenying, Guan Xiaodong, Wang Yichen, Huang Yingda, Zhao Xianao, Gu Lusheng, Xi Peng, Kuang Cuifang, Sun Yujie, Fei Peng, Ji Wei, Chen Liangyi
College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
Sci China Life Sci. 2025 Jul 16. doi: 10.1007/s11427-024-2916-5.
This article reviews recent super-resolution (SR) optical imaging techniques for cellular study, encompassing structured illumination microscopy (SIM), point-scanning super-resolution (PS-SR) microscopy, single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), mathematical and deep learning (DL) SR algorithms. Historically, the resolution of traditional far-field optical imaging was constrained by the diffraction limit. The emergence of SR imaging techniques and image processing algorithms has propelled biological research into nanoscale realm. SIM enhances resolution by manipulating spatial frequency content, effectively doubling the resolution capacity of traditional microscopy. PS-SR imaging, on the other hand, offers superior optical sectioning and a high signal-to-noise ratio. SMLM has achieved a remarkable spatial resolution of approximately 20 nm and supports multi-color, wide-field-of-view (FOV), automated 3D high-throughput imaging, thus broadening the horizons for advanced biomedical investigations. Additionally, both mathematical and DL-based SR algorithms have significantly advanced the conversion of low-resolution images to high-resolution counterparts, extending the capabilities of conventional microscopes. This review underscores the principles, recent developments, and diverse applications of these cutting-edge SR imaging methodologies in biological research.
本文综述了用于细胞研究的近期超分辨率（SR）光学成像技术，包括结构光照明显微镜（SIM）、点扫描超分辨率（PS-SR）显微镜、单分子定位显微镜（SMLM）、数学和深度学习（DL）超分辨率算法。从历史上看，传统远场光学成像的分辨率受衍射极限的限制。超分辨率成像技术和图像处理算法的出现推动了生物学研究进入纳米尺度领域。SIM通过操纵空间频率成分来提高分辨率，有效地将传统显微镜的分辨率提高了一倍。另一方面，PS-SR成像提供了卓越的光学切片和高信噪比。SMLM已实现约20纳米的显著空间分辨率，并支持多色、宽视场（FOV）、自动化3D高通量成像，从而拓宽了先进生物医学研究的视野。此外，基于数学和深度学习的超分辨率算法都显著推进了低分辨率图像到高分辨率图像的转换，扩展了传统显微镜的功能。本综述强调了这些前沿超分辨率成像方法在生物学研究中的原理、近期进展和多样应用。
