Mirucka Beata, Jabłońska Klaudia, Bąk Wacław
Instytut Psychologii, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Polska.
Psychiatr Pol. 2025 Feb 28;59(1):105-122. doi: 10.12740/PP/188016.
Tattooing as a permanent way of modifying the body is most likely to be closely related to the way the bodily self is experienced. Previous research in tattooed people has mainly addressed their self-esteem and sense of uniqueness. In contrast, the elaboration of bodily experiences in the form of mental representations: body image, body schema and sense of body have rarely been addressed. To date, the psychological functions of tattooing and the associated psychological mechanisms underlying the acts of tattooing have also not been explored. The research presented here is an attempt to fill this lack. Their main aim was to explore the associations of the psychological functions of tattooing with psychological representations of the body and self-esteem in women in emerging adulthood.
The following methods were used in the study: (1) The Tattoo Psychological Function Questionnaire, (2) The Battery of Tests of The Body Psychological Representations BT-BSR and (3) Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (SES).
Depending on the arrangement of the psychological functions of tattooing, the subjects differed in terms of psychological representations of the body and self-esteem. Women in whom the domina nt function of the tattoo was the expression of emotions were characterised by weaker mental representations of the body (body image, body schema and sense of body), as well as a lower level of self-esteem compared to women in whom the dominant function of the tattoos was self-creation.
The present study shows that among women with tattoos there are significant differences in the way the body is experienced as expressed in mental representations of the body. The pattern of mental functions of tattoos in which expression of emotion dominates over self-creation remains significantly related to weaker body image, body schema and sense of body, as well as to lower levels of self-esteem.
纹身作为一种改变身体的永久性方式，很可能与身体自我的体验方式密切相关。此前针对纹身人群的研究主要关注他们的自尊和独特感。相比之下，以心理表征形式呈现的身体体验的阐述，如身体意象、身体图式和身体感觉，却很少被涉及。迄今为止，纹身的心理功能以及纹身行为背后相关的心理机制也尚未得到探索。本文所呈现的研究旨在填补这一空白。其主要目的是探究纹身的心理功能与成年早期女性身体的心理表征及自尊之间的关联。
本研究采用了以下方法：（1）纹身心理功能问卷，（2）身体心理表征测试组BT - BSR，（3）罗森伯格自尊量表（SES）。
根据纹身心理功能的排列情况，受试者在身体的心理表征和自尊方面存在差异。与纹身主要功能是自我塑造的女性相比，纹身主要功能是情绪表达的女性身体心理表征（身体意象、身体图式和身体感觉）较弱，自尊水平也较低。
本研究表明，在有纹身的女性中，身体体验在身体心理表征中的表现存在显著差异。纹身心理功能中情绪表达占主导而非自我塑造的模式，仍然与较弱的身体意象、身体图式和身体感觉以及较低的自尊水平显著相关。
