Rajabifar Nariman, Alemi Mohammad Hesam, Rostami Amir, Zarrintaj Payam, Zare Yasser, Munir Muhammad Tajammal, Shahrousvand Mohsen, Rhee Kyong Yop, Nazockdast Hossein
Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, P.O. Box 75169-13817, Iran.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2025 Oct;344:103602. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2025.103602. Epub 2025 Jul 15.
Hydrogels have emerged as thriving materials for developing biomedical devices due to their biocompatibility and hydrophilic nature, encompassing various fields from biomedical engineering and pharmaceuticals to wound care and tissue scaffolding. Nevertheless, traditional hydrogels are beset with poor mechanical strength, limited controlled release of medicines, and irreversible chain breakage, all of which compromise their efficacy in practice. The desirable performance of hydrogels can be notably lifted upon incorporating nanomaterials, yielding tunable functions for devising next-generation biocompatible structures. Despite the alluring prospects offered by hydrogel nanocomposites, the processing of these materials is still in its infancy and remains full of challenges to produce personalized, tangible items. Herein, we endeavor to bridge the gap between hydrogel nanocomposites for biomedical applications with additive manufacturing processing, providing a useful guideline for comparing and selecting viable three-dimensional (3D) printing approaches. We review the background of synthesizing hydrogel nanocomposites along with the key concepts toward biomedical applications, featuring a survey on the recent reports on 3D printing of hydrogel nanocomposites for developing customized tissues, drug delivery, bioadhesives, wound dressing, and biosensors.
水凝胶因其生物相容性和亲水性质，已成为开发生物医学设备的蓬勃发展的材料，涵盖从生物医学工程、制药到伤口护理和组织支架等各个领域。然而，传统水凝胶存在机械强度差、药物控释有限以及不可逆链断裂等问题，所有这些都损害了它们在实际应用中的功效。通过加入纳米材料，可以显著提高水凝胶的理想性能，从而为设计下一代生物相容性结构提供可调节的功能。尽管水凝胶纳米复合材料前景诱人，但这些材料的加工仍处于起步阶段，生产个性化的实体产品仍充满挑战。在此，我们努力弥合用于生物医学应用的水凝胶纳米复合材料与增材制造工艺之间的差距，为比较和选择可行的三维（3D）打印方法提供有用的指导。我们回顾了合成水凝胶纳米复合材料的背景以及生物医学应用的关键概念，重点介绍了近期关于用于开发定制组织、药物递送、生物粘合剂、伤口敷料和生物传感器的水凝胶纳米复合材料3D打印的报道。
