Kachhadiya Radhika, Shah Drashti, Prajapati Apurva, Patel Ashish
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L.J. University, Ahmedabad, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 2025 Jul;358(7):e70055. doi: 10.1002/ardp.70055.
Pyrazole derivatives have emerged as a vital class of heterocyclic compounds due to their wide range of biological activities and promising therapeutic applications. In recent years, the shift toward greener and more sustainable chemical practices has fueled interest in the eco-friendly synthesis of pyrazole-based molecules. This review presents recent advancements in the green synthesis of pyrazole scaffolds, with a special focus on methods that avoid hazardous reagents, employ green solvents, utilize renewable energy sources, and incorporate recyclable catalysts. Emphasis is placed on synthetic strategies that are not only efficient and high-yielding but also operationally simple, atom-economical, and environmentally benign. Mechanistic insights into selected reactions are also provided to illustrate functional group tolerance and reaction efficiency. Overall, this review captures the growing role of green chemistry in heterocyclic synthesis and highlights its significance in developing sustainable pathways for pyrazole derivatives, serving as a valuable reference for researchers in both academia and industry.
由于吡唑衍生物具有广泛的生物活性和广阔的治疗应用前景，已成为一类重要的杂环化合物。近年来，向更绿色、更可持续的化学实践的转变激发了人们对基于吡唑的分子进行环保合成的兴趣。本综述介绍了吡唑骨架绿色合成的最新进展，特别关注避免使用危险试剂、采用绿色溶剂、利用可再生能源以及使用可回收催化剂的方法。重点放在不仅高效、高产，而且操作简单、原子经济且环境友好的合成策略上。还提供了对选定反应的机理见解，以说明官能团耐受性和反应效率。总体而言，本综述阐述了绿色化学在杂环合成中日益重要的作用，并突出了其在开发吡唑衍生物可持续合成途径方面的重要性，为学术界和工业界的研究人员提供了有价值的参考。
