Sultana Salma, Chakraborty Debdyuti, Parvez Mohammad Anwar, Chandan Mohammed Rehaan, Rahaman Mostafizur
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Colloids and Polymers Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Chem Asian J. 2025 Jul 21:e00714. doi: 10.1002/asia.202500714.
Polymeric membranes have emerged as pivotal tools in advanced separation technologies due to their tunable properties, processability, and cost-effectiveness. This review critically evaluates recent advancements in membrane technologies, with a focus on their applications in water treatment, energy systems, and biomedical fields. Notable developments include nanocomposite membranes with enhanced performance, such as PSF/MXene membranes achieving > 95% rejection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and water permeabilities exceeding 400 L·m⁻·h⁻¹·bar⁻¹. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes demonstrated flux values ranging from 6898 to 18,614 L·m⁻·h⁻¹ for oily wastewater filtration. Functionalized UF membranes incorporating TiO₂-HNTs and Ag-PDA-HNTs achieved > 98% BSA rejection and superior antifouling capabilities. Smart membranes, such as PNIPAM-modified systems, showed reversible wettability changes and temperature-responsive permeability. Additionally, 3D-printed and TIPS-fabricated membranes showcased improved selectivity and mechanical robustness. Environmentally friendly fabrication using green solvents, such as Rhodiasolv PolarClean®, enabled the production of high-performance membranes with rejection rates of over 85% for NaCl and over 93% for MgCl₂. Despite these advancements, challenges like fouling, high fabrication costs, and the permeability-selectivity trade-off persist. Strategies such as nanomaterial integration, stimuli-responsive design, and circular economy-aligned biodegradable polymers are analyzed as pathways for next-generation sustainable membranes.
聚合物膜由于其可调节的性能、可加工性和成本效益，已成为先进分离技术中的关键工具。本综述批判性地评估了膜技术的最新进展，重点关注其在水处理、能源系统和生物医学领域的应用。显著的进展包括性能增强的纳米复合膜，如聚砜/碳化钛铝碳纳米管膜对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的截留率超过95%，水渗透率超过400 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹·bar⁻¹。静电纺丝纳米纤维膜对含油废水过滤的通量值在6898至18614 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹之间。结合二氧化钛-埃洛石纳米管和银-聚多巴胺-埃洛石纳米管的功能化超滤膜对BSA的截留率超过98%，且具有优异的抗污染能力。智能膜，如聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺改性系统，表现出可逆的润湿性变化和温度响应渗透性。此外，3D打印和热致相分离制备的膜展示出更高的选择性和机械强度。使用绿色溶剂（如罗地亚溶剂PolarClean®）进行环境友好型制备，能够生产出对氯化钠截留率超过85%、对氯化镁截留率超过93%的高性能膜。尽管取得了这些进展，但诸如污染、高制造成本以及渗透率-选择性权衡等挑战仍然存在。纳米材料整合、刺激响应设计以及与循环经济相契合的可生物降解聚合物等策略被分析为下一代可持续膜的发展途径。
