Revathi Jalagam, Ts Meena, M Pavithra
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Jun 20;17(6):e86441. doi: 10.7759/cureus.86441. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Background Pregnancy is a critical period where maternal non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and thyroid dysfunction significantly affect maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of these conditions among pregnant women in India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a tertiary care hospital. The participants were enrolled irrespective of gestational age. Known cases of pre-existing hypertension, diabetes, and thyroid disorders were excluded. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and clinical records, capturing demographics, obstetric history, lifestyle, diagnostic values, and the awareness of risk factors. Conditions were diagnosed based on standardized criteria (Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India {DIPSI} for GDM, blood pressure {BP} of ≥140/90 mmHg for hypertension, and trimester-specific thyroid-stimulating hormone {TSH} levels for thyroid dysfunction). Results The prevalence of GDM, hypertension, and thyroid dysfunction was 60 (20%), 48 (16%), and 36 (12%), respectively. GDM and hypertension were significantly more common in urban participants (p<0.05), and both were associated with higher body mass index (BMI). Thyroid dysfunction was frequently diagnosed in the first trimester (22, 61.1%). A significant upward trend in all three disorders was observed with increasing BMI. The awareness of risk factors was higher among educated women, correlating with earlier diagnosis. Conclusion This study highlights a substantial burden of NCDs among pregnant women, especially GDM and hypertension. Urbanization, obesity, and maternal age were key contributing factors. While structured screening and early antenatal registration are existing mandates, our findings underscore the need for targeted and scalable interventions beyond current protocols.
背景 孕期是一个关键时期，在此期间，诸如高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）和甲状腺功能障碍等孕产妇非传染性疾病会显著影响母婴结局。本研究旨在确定印度孕妇中这些疾病的患病率及相关因素。方法 对一家三级护理医院产前门诊的300名孕妇进行了一项横断面研究。参与者的纳入不考虑孕周。已患高血压、糖尿病和甲状腺疾病的已知病例被排除。通过结构化问卷和临床记录收集数据，记录人口统计学信息、产科病史、生活方式、诊断值以及对危险因素的知晓情况。根据标准化标准（印度妊娠期糖尿病研究组{DIPSI}用于诊断GDM，收缩压≥140/90 mmHg用于诊断高血压，根据孕期不同阶段的促甲状腺激素{TSH}水平诊断甲状腺功能障碍）对疾病进行诊断。结果 GDM、高血压和甲状腺功能障碍的患病率分别为60例（20%）、48例（16%）和36例（12%）。GDM和高血压在城市参与者中显著更为常见（p<0.05），且二者均与较高的体重指数（BMI）相关。甲状腺功能障碍在孕早期诊断较为频繁（22例，61.1%）。随着BMI的增加，所有这三种疾病均呈现显著上升趋势。受过教育女性对危险因素的知晓率较高，这与更早的诊断相关。结论 本研究突出了孕妇中非传染性疾病的沉重负担，尤其是GDM和高血压。城市化、肥胖和孕产妇年龄是关键促成因素。虽然结构化筛查和早期产前登记是现有要求，但我们的研究结果强调了在当前方案之外进行有针对性且可扩展干预措施的必要性。
