Kori Archana, Singh Ajay, Caroicar Yash Satish, Thomas Priyanka Elizabeth, Chandra Anjali
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, IND.
Anaesthesiology, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Jun 19;17(6):e86344. doi: 10.7759/cureus.86344. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Chronic gynecological pain conditions, including dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, vulvodynia, and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), present significant challenges in women's health. These conditions result in significant physical discomfort and are closely associated with psychological comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and increased central pain sensitization. Traditional pharmacological and surgical interventions often provide limited relief, as they fail to address the complex interplay between biological, neurological, and psychological factors underlying pain perception. This review explores the intersection of psychology and gynecology in pain management, emphasizing the biopsychosocial model as a comprehensive framework for understanding and treating gynecological pain. Research highlights the influence of hormonal fluctuations, central sensitization, and neuroinflammatory pathways in pain amplification, further exacerbated by adverse childhood experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder, and maladaptive coping mechanisms. Integrative approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, biofeedback, and virtual reality (VR) therapy, have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating pain intensity and improving emotional resilience. The integration of digital health innovations and personalized medicine presents new opportunities for optimizing pain management strategies. Future research should focus on interdisciplinary collaboration between gynecologists, psychologists, and pain specialists to develop patient-centered treatment modalities. A paradigm shift toward holistic and precision-based interventions is essential to enhance therapeutic outcomes and improve the quality of life for women suffering from chronic gynecological pain.
慢性妇科疼痛病症，包括痛经、子宫内膜异位症、外阴痛和慢性盆腔疼痛综合征（CPPS），给女性健康带来了重大挑战。这些病症会导致严重的身体不适，并与焦虑、抑郁等心理合并症以及中枢性疼痛敏感性增加密切相关。传统的药物和手术干预往往只能提供有限的缓解，因为它们未能解决疼痛感知背后生物、神经和心理因素之间复杂的相互作用。本综述探讨了疼痛管理中心理学与妇科的交叉领域，强调生物心理社会模型是理解和治疗妇科疼痛的综合框架。研究突出了激素波动、中枢敏化和神经炎症途径在疼痛放大中的影响，童年不良经历、创伤后应激障碍和适应不良的应对机制会进一步加剧这种影响。综合方法，包括认知行为疗法、基于正念的减压、生物反馈和虚拟现实（VR）疗法，已证明在减轻疼痛强度和提高情绪恢复力方面有效。数字健康创新和个性化医疗的整合为优化疼痛管理策略带来了新机遇。未来的研究应侧重于妇科医生、心理学家和疼痛专家之间的跨学科合作，以开发以患者为中心的治疗模式。向整体和精准干预的范式转变对于提高治疗效果和改善患有慢性妇科疼痛的女性的生活质量至关重要。
