Sarsembayeva Nurzhan, Ikramzhan Gulmariya, Abdigaliyeva Tolkyn, Kirkimbaeva Zhumagul, Biyashev Birzhan, Sherimova Saule, Ibragimov Primkul
Department of Veterinary Sanitary Examination and Hygiene, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Department of Food Biotechnology, Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Vet World. 2025 Jun;18(6):1517-1526. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.1517-1526. Epub 2025 Jun 15.
Feed additives composed of natural minerals and probiotics are increasingly explored in aquaculture to improve fish health and meat quality while reducing antibiotic dependency. Zeolite and vermiculite, due to their adsorptive and ion-exchange properties, enhance mineral bioavailability, whereas probiotics, such as 39-SN improve digestive function and nutrient assimilation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of zeolite or vermiculite in combination with 39-SN on the chemical, mineral, and amino acid composition of African sharptooth catfish ().
A total of 150 catfish were divided into three groups: A control group fed a standard diet, and two experimental groups receiving diets supplemented with either 5% zeolite or 5% vermiculite, each combined with 0.1% 39-SN. The trial lasted 87 days under controlled aquaculture conditions. Post-trial, muscle tissues were analyzed for moisture, fat, protein, ash content, energy value, mineral content (e.g., iron, zinc, and magnesium), and amino acid profiles using standardized laboratory methods.
Fish in the experimental groups exhibited improved nutritional profiles compared to the control. Notably, the zeolite + probiotic group showed the highest total amino acid content (34.63%) and significant increases in essential amino acids, such as leucine and phenylalanine. Vermiculite + probiotic supplementation yielded the highest fat content (0.69 g/100 g) and increased concentrations of iron and zinc. Both experimental groups demonstrated improved energy values, elevated mineral levels, and enhanced biological value of the muscle tissue. No signs of stress or cannibalism were observed, indicating good tolerance to the diets.
The synergistic use of natural minerals and 39-SN significantly enhanced the chemical and nutritional quality of muscle tissue. These findings suggest that such dietary strategies offer a promising alternative to antibiotics and can enhance the commercial value of aquaculture products. Future studies should explore dose optimization, long-term health effects, and the immunomodulatory potential of 39-SN in fish.
由天然矿物质和益生菌组成的饲料添加剂在水产养殖中得到越来越多的探索，以改善鱼类健康和肉质，同时减少对抗生素的依赖。沸石和蛭石因其吸附和离子交换特性，可提高矿物质的生物利用率，而益生菌，如39-SN可改善消化功能和营养同化。本研究旨在评估日粮中添加沸石或蛭石与39-SN组合对非洲尖吻鲈（）化学组成、矿物质组成和氨基酸组成的影响。
总共150尾鲈鱼被分为三组：一组为喂食标准日粮的对照组，两组实验组分别喂食添加5%沸石或5%蛭石的日粮，每种均与0.1%的39-SN组合。试验在可控的水产养殖条件下持续87天。试验结束后，使用标准化实验室方法对肌肉组织进行水分、脂肪、蛋白质、灰分含量、能量值、矿物质含量（如铁、锌和镁）以及氨基酸谱分析。
与对照组相比，实验组鱼类的营养状况有所改善。值得注意的是，沸石+益生菌组的总氨基酸含量最高（34.63%）且必需氨基酸如亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸显著增加。添加蛭石+益生菌的组脂肪含量最高（0.69克/100克）且铁和锌浓度增加。两个实验组的能量值均有所提高，矿物质水平升高，肌肉组织的生物学价值增强。未观察到应激或同类相食的迹象，表明对日粮耐受性良好。
天然矿物质与39-SN的协同使用显著提高了肌肉组织的化学和营养质量。这些发现表明，这种日粮策略是抗生素的一个有前景的替代品，并可提高水产养殖产品的商业价值。未来的研究应探索剂量优化以及39-SN对鱼类的长期健康影响和免疫调节潜力。
