Moncho Joaquín, Ortega Sarabia Lauren Elena, Trescastro-López Eva María, Martínez-García Alba
Research Unit for the Analysis of Mortality and Health Statistics, Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL, Group 23), Alicante, Spain.
PLoS One. 2025 Jul 21;20(7):e0328458. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0328458. eCollection 2025.
Migration in Spain has increased in recent decades, leading to a multicultural society. These migrations have brought about a transcendental change in the lifestyles and health of migrants. The aim of these study was to describe the frequency of consumption of sugary drinks, fruit and vegetables in the native and immigrant population residing in the Valencian Community (Spain) and its possible relationship with certain socioeconomic characteristics and lifestyles.
A representative sample of the population aged 15 years or older, non-institutionalised and resident in the Valencian Community. Descriptive cross-sectional observational study conducted on the basis of the Valencian Community Adult Health Survey, 2016. We analysed the consumption of fruit, vegetables and sugary soft drinks by country of birth and sex, and their possible association with socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyles.
5485 adults aged 15 years and older were analysed, 13.48% of whom were of immigrant origin. Overall, women had a significantly lower adjusted risk of inadequate vegetable consumption and lower than recommended fruit consumption. Men of immigrant origin showed a higher risk of lower than recommended vegetable consumption and a lower risk of inadequate consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks than natives. Women of immigrant origin showed a lower risk of lower-than-recommended vegetable consumption but a higher risk of inadequate consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks. Differences were also observed in the recommended consumption of these products according to educational level, social class, age, employment status, physical exercise and self-perceived weight.
Public health policies and interventions should incorporate a population-based approach that takes into account the origin of the population and addresses social and economic inequalities, with an emphasis on the most at-risk groups.
近几十年来，西班牙的移民数量有所增加，形成了一个多元文化社会。这些移民给移民的生活方式和健康带来了重大变化。本研究的目的是描述居住在西班牙瓦伦西亚自治区的本地人和移民人群中含糖饮料、水果和蔬菜的消费频率，以及其与某些社会经济特征和生活方式之间的可能关系。
选取15岁及以上、非机构化居住在瓦伦西亚自治区的具有代表性的人群样本。基于2016年瓦伦西亚自治区成人健康调查开展描述性横断面观察研究。我们按出生国家和性别分析了水果、蔬菜和含糖软饮料的消费情况，以及它们与社会人口学特征和生活方式之间的可能关联。
对5485名15岁及以上的成年人进行了分析，其中13.48%为移民出身。总体而言，女性蔬菜摄入不足和水果摄入低于推荐量的调整后风险显著较低。移民出身的男性蔬菜摄入低于推荐量的风险较高，而含糖软饮料摄入不足的风险低于本地人。移民出身的女性蔬菜摄入低于推荐量的风险较低，但含糖软饮料摄入不足的风险较高。根据教育水平、社会阶层、年龄、就业状况、体育锻炼和自我感知体重，在这些产品的推荐消费量方面也观察到了差异。
公共卫生政策和干预措施应采用基于人群的方法，考虑到人群的出身，解决社会和经济不平等问题，尤其关注风险最高的群体。
