Craig Oliver E, Lundy Jasmine, Bondetti Manon, Nicholson-Lailey Sesha, Murakami Natsuki, Suzuki Miho, Stevens Chris, Lucquin Alexandre, Talbot Helen M, Son Joon-Ho, Fujio Shinichiro, Sakamoto Minoru, Yamashita Yusuke, Kobayashi Kenichi, Crema Enrico R, Shoda Shinya
BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO10 5NG, United Kingdom.
Faculty of Humanities and Culture, Showa Women's University, Setagaya, Tokyo 154-8533, Japan.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Jul 29;122(30):e2504414122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2504414122. Epub 2025 Jul 21.
The dispersal of millet and rice agriculture from Korea to Japan from around 3,000 y ago has been well documented through radiocarbon analysis of botanical remains and surveying seed impressions on pottery. Much less is known about the extent to which these novel crops were consumed and incorporated into everyday culinary practices. In Japan, agriculturalists moving from Korea would have encountered large, sedentary Final Jomon populations who had well-established hunting, foraging, and cultivation strategies for exploiting indigenous fauna and flora. The degree to which these encounters hindered or enhanced the emergence of agriculture is a key question. To investigate potential changes in food exploitation, we analyzed the contents of pottery through lipid residue analysis of 260 vessels from Bronze Age (Mumun) Korea and contemporary Jomon and Yayoi pottery from Northern Kyushu. A lipid biomarker for broomcorn millet was only found in samples from Korea, suggesting that this crop was not routinely prepared in early agricultural pottery from Japan, despite some botanical evidence for its cultivation. Instead, aquatic products continued to be used in early agricultural pottery, pointing to continuity from the Jomon period despite the arrival of new "continental" ceramic forms. Rice remains difficult to identify conclusively, but by modeling carbon isotope values, we were able to determine the maximum extent that rice may have contributed. Overall, we show that there was a change in culinary practices as agriculture dispersed from Korea to Japan, most likely influenced by different long-standing traditions of preparing and cooking foods in each locality.
大约3000年前，粟和稻农业从朝鲜传播到日本，这一点已通过对植物遗迹的放射性碳分析以及对陶器上种子印记的勘测得到了充分证明。但对于这些新作物在多大程度上被食用并融入日常烹饪实践，人们所知甚少。在日本，从朝鲜迁徙而来的农业从业者会遇到大量定居的绳纹晚期人口，这些人拥有成熟的狩猎、觅食和耕种策略，以开发当地的动植物资源。这些接触对农业兴起产生阻碍或促进的程度是一个关键问题。为了研究食物开发方面的潜在变化，我们通过对来自青铜时代（无纹陶器时代）朝鲜的260件陶器以及来自九州北部同期的绳纹和弥生陶器进行脂质残留分析，来分析陶器的内容物。仅在来自朝鲜的样本中发现了黍的脂质生物标志物，这表明尽管有一些其种植的植物学证据，但这种作物在日本早期农业陶器中并非常规制作的。相反，水产品在早期农业陶器中仍被使用，这表明尽管出现了新的“大陆”陶瓷形式，但从绳纹时代仍有延续性。水稻仍然难以确切鉴定，但通过对碳同位素值进行建模，我们能够确定水稻可能做出贡献的最大程度。总体而言，我们表明随着农业从朝鲜传播到日本，烹饪实践发生了变化，这很可能受到各地不同的长期食物制备和烹饪传统的影响。
