Zhang Xi, Shen Xixun, Chen Qian, Tao Jianping, Tang Wang, Xu Qunjie
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy-Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China.
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
Langmuir. 2025 Aug 5;41(30):20308-20327. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c02641. Epub 2025 Jul 22.
Surface icing poses a great challenge to the safe operation and energy output of wind turbines in low-temperature freezing rain environments. To address the problem of ice cover, we designed a durable superhydrophobic MWCNTs@[F-SiO/TiN] composite anti-icing coating with a double-layer structure, where carbon nanotubes serve as the bottom layer and titanium nitride and fluorinated silica particles serve as the top layer. The introduction of TiN nanoparticles enhances the solidification rheological uniformity of the dispersion system of silica, resulting in the formation of a dense surface with a uniform micro/nanostructure. Such a micro/nanostructure not only endows the coating with excellent superhydrophobicity, with a large contact angle of about 171° and a small rolling angle of less than 1°, but also significant anti-icing performance. The freezing time of the water droplet on this composite coating was significantly delayed to 730 s at -20 °C in the static anti-icing experiment, which is about twice that of the pure silica coating. The simulated dynamic freezing rain experiments also show that this superhydrophobic coating can effectively prevent ice formation on the surfaces of fan blades. This composite coating also exhibits excellent electrical and photothermal effects, derived from its special double-layer structure and the ability of the titanium nitride external filler to reduce heat dissipation. Under the combined action of photothermal and electrothermal effects, this composite coating demonstrates excellent deicing ability, achieving rapid deicing within 206 s, about 25.2% improvement in deicing efficiency compared to coatings without TiN. In addition, this composite coating also exhibits superior structural and performance stability, even after thermal cycling, sand and water impact, and prolonged immersion in acid/alkali corrosion. The current results suggest that the designed superhydrophobic coating with a double-layer structure is a very promising candidate for practical anti-icing and deicing applications.
在低温冻雨环境中，表面结冰对风力涡轮机的安全运行和能量输出构成了巨大挑战。为了解决结冰问题，我们设计了一种具有双层结构的耐用超疏水MWCNTs@[F-SiO/TiN]复合防冰涂层，其中碳纳米管作为底层，氮化钛和氟化二氧化硅颗粒作为顶层。氮化钛纳米颗粒的引入增强了二氧化硅分散体系的凝固流变均匀性，从而形成具有均匀微/纳米结构的致密表面。这种微/纳米结构不仅赋予涂层优异的超疏水性，接触角约为171°，滚动角小于1°，而且还具有显著的防冰性能。在静态防冰实验中，-20℃时水滴在这种复合涂层上的冻结时间显著延迟至730 s，约为纯二氧化硅涂层的两倍。模拟动态冻雨实验也表明，这种超疏水涂层可以有效防止风扇叶片表面结冰。这种复合涂层还表现出优异的电热和光热效应，这源于其特殊的双层结构以及氮化钛外部填料减少热耗散的能力。在光热和电热效应的共同作用下，这种复合涂层表现出优异的除冰能力，在206 s内实现快速除冰，与不含氮化钛的涂层相比，除冰效率提高了约25.2%。此外，即使经过热循环、沙水冲击以及长时间的酸碱腐蚀，这种复合涂层仍表现出卓越的结构和性能稳定性。目前的结果表明，所设计的具有双层结构的超疏水涂层在实际防冰和除冰应用中是非常有前途的候选材料。
