Recent developments of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in respiratory system diseases: A review.

The emergence of extracellular vesicles with nanostructure characteristics signifies a novel acellular therapeutic approach at the nanoscale, influencing cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as serving as vehicles for precise drug delivery. Substantial evidence supports their involvement in tissue regeneration, immune modulation, targeted tumor diagnosis and therapy effects. This review seeks to establish a theoretical framework for investigating the impact of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells on respiratory system disorders in future research.