Bartolini Luca, Savoca Giulia, Tassone Matteo, Metitieri Tiziana, Guerrini Renzo
Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Children's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2025 Nov;67(11):1409-1420. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.16434. Epub 2025 Jul 22.
Occipital brain lesions in children represent a significant diagnostic challenge because of the wide spectrum of aetiologies and overlapping clinical features. Early recognition and accurate diagnosis are crucial for effective management and to limit long-term neurological deficits, especially in small children whose symptoms may be subtle. This narrative review evaluates common and less common causes of occipital brain lesions in children, including malformative, vascular, genetic and metabolic, infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions, examining the wide range of associated clinical presentations. Through a review of the literature and description of real-life observations, we highlight the role of a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach that integrates clinical assessment, neuroimaging, neuropsychology, and targeted testing to determine the underlying aetiology. Early recognition of often subtle visual and cognitive disturbances, coupled with targeted work-up, appropriate referral to subspecialty evaluations, and rapid institution of treatment strategies, can improve the long-term outcome considerably.
儿童枕叶脑病变由于病因广泛且临床特征重叠，构成了重大的诊断挑战。早期识别和准确诊断对于有效治疗以及限制长期神经功能缺损至关重要，尤其是对于症状可能不明显的幼儿。本叙述性综述评估了儿童枕叶脑病变的常见和罕见病因，包括发育畸形、血管性、遗传性和代谢性、感染性、炎症性和肿瘤性疾病，并研究了各种相关的临床表现。通过文献综述和实际观察描述，我们强调了多学科诊断方法的作用，该方法整合了临床评估、神经影像学、神经心理学和针对性检测，以确定潜在病因。早期识别常常不明显的视觉和认知障碍，结合针对性检查、适当转诊至专科评估以及迅速制定治疗策略，可显著改善长期预后。
