Dervishi Alketa, Jäger Simon, Duka Blerina, Kika Etleva, Bezhani Valbona, Lena Ardit, Ivziku Dhurata
Faculty of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.
Department of Nursing, RE-ALIS GmbH, Speyer, Germany.
AIMS Public Health. 2025 Apr 8;12(2):399-417. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2025023. eCollection 2025.
Nurse migration from low- and middle-income countries to high-income nations is a significant global phenomenon. This study aimed to examine the opportunities and challenges faced by Albanian nurses during their work integration after migrating to Germany. A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted using convenience sampling with a snowball recruitment technique. A total of 162 Albanian nurses working in Germany, mostly female and married, participated in the survey. The findings revealed that the overall integration process was satisfactory, particularly regarding the recognition of professional qualifications, respect from colleagues, patients, and families, career opportunities, and autonomy at work. The host institutions supported integration through mentorship programs, language training, procedural training, and education on the German healthcare system. However, nurses reported challenges in medical terminologies, telephone communication, and healthcare documentation. The participants expressed the need for more comprehensive pre-departure information to facilitate smoother transitions. The study highlights the pivotal role of managers and institutions in the integration process and in creating inclusive and equitable work environments. Germany serves as a model for implementing effective integration activities for migrant nurses. Albania must adopt stronger strategies to retain nurses within the country and enhance its human capital by improving the working conditions and providing career development opportunities. Future research is recommended to explore the integration processes of Albanian nurses across other European countries. Subsequent studies should concentrate on identifying and addressing potential barriers to integration while fostering opportunities for collaboration between the origin and destination countries. Such research can contribute to academic, political, and social frameworks that enhance the migration experience for migrant nurses.
护士从低收入和中等收入国家向高收入国家迁移是一个重大的全球现象。本研究旨在探讨阿尔巴尼亚护士移民到德国后在工作融入过程中面临的机遇和挑战。采用便利抽样和滚雪球招募技术进行了一项描述性横断面定量研究。共有162名在德国工作的阿尔巴尼亚护士参与了调查，其中大多数为女性且已婚。研究结果显示，整体融入过程令人满意，特别是在专业资格认可、同事、患者及家属的尊重、职业机会和工作自主权方面。东道机构通过导师计划、语言培训、程序培训以及德国医疗保健系统教育来支持融入。然而，护士们报告在医学术语、电话沟通和医疗文件方面存在挑战。参与者表示需要更全面的离境前信息以促进更顺利的过渡。该研究强调了管理者和机构在融入过程以及创造包容和平等工作环境方面的关键作用。德国是为移民护士实施有效融入活动的典范。阿尔巴尼亚必须采取更强有力的战略来留住国内护士，并通过改善工作条件和提供职业发展机会来增强其人力资本。建议未来研究探索阿尔巴尼亚护士在其他欧洲国家的融入过程。后续研究应专注于识别和解决融入的潜在障碍，同时促进原籍国和目的地国之间的合作机会。此类研究可为提升移民护士迁移体验的学术、政治和社会框架做出贡献。
