Das Uddalak, Banerjee Soupayan, Sarkar Meghna, Muhammad L Fathah, Soni Tanveen Kaur, Saha Madhumita, Pradhan Gayatri, Chatterjee Bhaskarjyaa
Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India.
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
Cancer Pathog Ther. 2024 Dec 4;3(4):309-321. doi: 10.1016/j.cpt.2024.11.003. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Circular ribonucleic acid (circRNA) vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary strategy in cancer immunotherapy, facilitating novel approaches to induce robust and durable immune responses. Unlike traditional linear messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, circRNAs exhibit exceptional stability, enhanced translational efficiency, and resistance to exonuclease degradation, making them ideal candidates for vaccine development. This review delved into the fundamental principles underlying circRNA biology, highlighting their unique structural advantages and translational potential. We examined recent advancements in circRNA vaccine design, focusing on their application in oncology. As the circRNA-based cancer vaccine is a relatively novel technology, findings from all the major studies describing its efficacy were discussed. We further investigated their combination with other immunotherapeutic modalities, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, that ensure the maximal anticancer effects of circRNA vaccines. Large-scale manufacturing, immunogenicity optimization, delivery systems, and other challenges and future directions in this field were also discussed. This study aims to thoroughly analyze the state-of-the-art and potential future applications of circRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy, highlighting them as exciting possibilities for next-generation cancer therapies.
环状核糖核酸（circRNA）疫苗已成为癌症免疫治疗中的一种革命性策略，为诱导强大而持久的免疫反应提供了新方法。与传统的线性信使核糖核酸（mRNA）疫苗不同，circRNA具有卓越的稳定性、更高的翻译效率以及对外切核酸酶降解的抗性，使其成为疫苗开发的理想候选者。本综述深入探讨了circRNA生物学的基本原理，强调了它们独特的结构优势和翻译潜力。我们研究了circRNA疫苗设计的最新进展，重点关注其在肿瘤学中的应用。由于基于circRNA的癌症疫苗是一项相对较新的技术，我们讨论了所有描述其疗效的主要研究结果。我们进一步研究了它们与其他免疫治疗方式的联合应用，如免疫检查点抑制剂和过继性细胞疗法，以确保circRNA疫苗的最大抗癌效果。还讨论了大规模生产、免疫原性优化、递送系统以及该领域的其他挑战和未来方向。本研究旨在全面分析circRNA疫苗在癌症免疫治疗中的最新进展和潜在的未来应用，突出它们作为下一代癌症治疗令人兴奋的可能性。
