Functional Food Ge-Zhi Soup Ameliorates Acute Liver Injury Through the AKT/GSK3β/PPARα Pathway.

Ge-Zhi soup (GZS), mainly consisting of (Willd.) Ohwi and Lindl. seeds, is a traditional functional food widely consumed globally and has been proven to have considerable potential in preventing acute liver injury (ALI). However, its specific active ingredients and underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects, active ingredients, and underlying mechanisms of GZS were studied in ALI mice. We first determined the hepatoprotective effects of GZS and evaluated its function by analyzing biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in ALI mice. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, an integrated strategy combining serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology, and non-targeted metabolomics was employed to identify key active compounds and core targets based on the analysis of serum and tissue from the ALI mice. The results showed GZS effectively reduced the severity of liver lesions in ALI mice, revealed by histological analysis, significantly decreased the levels of AST, ALT, and MDA, and increased the levels of GSH and SOD. A total of 81 serum components were identified, including major bioactive compounds such as kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin, as well as critical target genes such as STAT3, SRC, and PPARA. Notably, acetylcysteine was identified as a pivotal metabolite. Mechanistically, GZS's protective effects against ALI appear to be mediated through a complex regulatory network that modulates mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidative metabolism, primarily via the AKT/GSK3β/PPARα pathway. This study elucidates the pharmacological basis and mechanisms of GZS in ALI, providing a theoretical basis for GZS as a novel functional food and therapeutic agent for ALI.