Osipova S V, Permyakov A V, Rudikovskii A V, Rudikovskaya E G, Pshenichnikova T A
Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia.
Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2025 Jul;29(4):530-538. doi: 10.18699/vjgb-25-56.
One of the ways to increase yield stability of bread wheat under changing climatic conditions is through improving the photosynthesis efficiency. For this purpose, various genetic strategies are used. They include marker-assisted selection and the use of the genetic potential of wild wheat relatives. Previously, using introgression wheat lines carrying different segments of chromosome 2D from Aegilops tauschii in the genetic background of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety Chinese Spring (CS), we mapped QTLs associated with variability in shoot biomass and gas exchange under contrasting water supply conditions. In this work, by "splitting" the primary introgressions, we obtained secondary introgression CS lines with reduced segments of Ae. tauschii introgressions in the short and long arms of chromosomes 2D. The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus to soil water deficit in these lines. We estimated the size of drought effect on shoot biomass, gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, slow and fast chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and fast light curve parameters. The results showed that line 1004 with an introgression in chromosome 2DS limited by microsatellite loci Xgwm296 and Xgwm261 was little affected by drought in respect of the chlorophyll (a+b)/carotenoid ratio and primary photosynthetic processes. In line 1005 with a single introgression in the region of the Xgwm261 marker, the chlorophyll (a+b)/carotenoid ratio and indicators of the functional activity of photosystems significantly decreased under water deficiency. The chlorophyll (a+b)/carotenoid ratio, CO2 assimilation rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters remained stable in line 1034 with an introgression in chromosome 2DL near the Xgwm1419 and Xgwm157 loci. In line 1021 with an introgression in the region of the Xgwm539 marker on the same chromosome, we observed a strong negative effect of drought on the rate of CO2 assimilation and indicators of the functional activity of photosystems. The Xgwm1419 and Xgwm296 markers can be recommended for use in marker-assisted breeding for drought tolerance of bread wheat in the cases where Ae. tauschii acts as a donor of genetic material.
在气候变化条件下提高面包小麦产量稳定性的方法之一是提高光合作用效率。为此，人们采用了各种遗传策略。这些策略包括标记辅助选择以及利用野生小麦近缘种的遗传潜力。此前，我们利用在小麦（普通小麦）品种中国春（CS）的遗传背景中携带来自节节麦2D染色体不同片段的渐渗系，在不同供水条件下定位了与地上部生物量和气体交换变异性相关的QTL。在这项工作中，通过“拆分”初级渐渗系，我们获得了2D染色体短臂和长臂上节节麦渐渗片段减少的次级渐渗CS系。本研究的目的是调查这些品系光合器官对土壤水分亏缺的耐受性。我们评估了干旱对地上部生物量、气体交换参数、光合色素含量、慢速和快速叶绿素荧光参数以及快速光曲线参数的影响程度。结果表明，在微卫星位点Xgwm296和Xgwm261限制下的2DS染色体渐渗系1004，其叶绿素（a + b）/类胡萝卜素比值和初级光合过程受干旱影响较小。在Xgwm261标记区域有单个渐渗的1005品系中，水分亏缺时叶绿素（a + b）/类胡萝卜素比值和光合系统功能活性指标显著下降。在Xgwm1419和Xgwm157位点附近的2DL染色体有渐渗的1034品系中，叶绿素（a + b）/类胡萝卜素比值、二氧化碳同化率和叶绿素荧光参数保持稳定。在同一染色体上Xgwm539标记区域有渐渗的1021品系中，我们观察到干旱对二氧化碳同化率和光合系统功能活性指标有强烈的负面影响。在节节麦作为遗传物质供体的情况下，Xgwm1419和Xgwm296标记可推荐用于面包小麦耐旱性的标记辅助育种。
