Venckunas Tomas, Gumauskiene Birute, Muanjai Pornpimol, Cadefau Joan Aureli, Kamandulis Sigitas
Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto Str. 6, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Department of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2025 Jul 16;10(3):271. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10030271.
: Well-designed endurance training leads to improved cardiovascular fitness and sports performance in prolonged exercise tasks, with the adaptations depending on multiple factors, including the training modality and the population in question. It is still disputable how the type of training affects myocardial remodeling, and the information on myocardial remodeling by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is particularly scarce. : The current study investigated changes in cardiac structure after volume-progressive HIIT in running mode. As part of their conditioning program, amateur athletes (mean ± SD age of 18.2 ± 1.0 years) exclusively conducted HIIT in a volume-progressive fashion over 7 weeks (a total of 21 sessions). Peak oxygen uptake as well as 200 m and 2000 m running performance were measured, and transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography was conducted before and after the intervention. : Training improved running performance, increased the peak oxygen uptake and left atrium diameter (from 32.0 ± 2.5 to 33.5 ± 2.3 mm; = 0.01), and induced ~11% thickening of the left-ventricular posterior wall (7.5 ± 0.7 to 8.2 ± 0.4 mm; = 0.01) and interventricular septum (7.6 ± 0.7 to 8.6 ± 0.9 mm; = 0.02), but not the dilation of left-ventricular, right-ventricular, or right atrium chambers. : HIIT of just 127 km of running per 8.5 h during 7 weeks was sufficient to improve aerobic capacity and running performance, and induce left-ventricular wall hypertrophy and left atrium dilation, in young healthy athletes.
精心设计的耐力训练可提高心血管健康水平，并在长时间运动任务中提升运动表现，其适应性变化取决于多种因素，包括训练方式和相关人群。训练类型如何影响心肌重塑仍存在争议，而关于高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对心肌重塑影响的信息尤为匮乏。
本研究调查了跑步模式下容量递增式HIIT后心脏结构的变化。作为训练计划的一部分，业余运动员（平均年龄±标准差为18.2±1.0岁）在7周内（共21次训练）仅进行容量递增式HIIT。测量了峰值摄氧量以及200米和2000米跑步成绩，并在干预前后进行了经胸二维超声心动图检查。
训练提高了跑步成绩，增加了峰值摄氧量和左心房直径（从32.0±2.5毫米增加到33.5±2.3毫米；P = 0.01），并使左心室后壁增厚约11%（从7.5±0.7毫米增加到8.2±0.4毫米；P = 0.01）和室间隔增厚（从7.6±0.7毫米增加到8.6±0.9毫米；P = 0.02），但未引起左心室、右心室或右心房腔的扩张。
在7周内，年轻健康运动员每8.5小时仅进行127公里的HIIT跑步就足以提高有氧能力和跑步成绩，并诱导左心室壁肥厚和左心房扩张。
