Agin P P, Desrochers D L, Sayre R M
Photodermatol. 1985 Oct;2(5):288-94.
Immediate pigment darkening (IPD) was recorded in over 1,300 volunteers participating in routine sun protection factor (SPF) testing. Medical history obtained included skin type, hair color, eye color, sunburn sensitivity, tanning ability, and current medications. The presence of IPD and the energy needed to produce it were recorded immediately following exposure to a filtered 2500 W xenon are solar simulator. Minimal erythemal dose (MED) values were recorded 16-24 hours post-exposure. The average MED was lowest for skin type I and highest for skin type IV. The IPD dose was also lowest for skin type I and highest for skin type IV. However, the average IPD dose was greater than the MED for skin type I and lower than the MED for skin type IV. For skin types II and III, the average IPD dose and MED were almost equivalent. For skin type I, 64% required equivalent or greater energy to produce IPD than their MED, and 30% showed no IPD at energy levels sufficient to produce erythema, whereas all skin type IV's had a measurable IPD response. For volunteers of skin type II and III showing no measurable IPD, the predominant eye color was blue or green (74%). Sunscreen usage altered the IPD response for all 4 skin types.
在1300多名参与日常防晒系数（SPF）测试的志愿者身上记录到了即时色素沉着（IPD）。所获取的病史包括皮肤类型、头发颜色、眼睛颜色、晒伤敏感性、晒黑能力以及当前用药情况。在暴露于经过滤的2500瓦氙弧太阳模拟器后，立即记录IPD的出现情况以及产生IPD所需的能量。在暴露后16 - 24小时记录最小红斑剂量（MED）值。I型皮肤的平均MED最低，IV型皮肤的平均MED最高。I型皮肤的IPD剂量也最低，IV型皮肤的IPD剂量最高。然而，I型皮肤的平均IPD剂量大于其MED，IV型皮肤的平均IPD剂量低于其MED。对于II型和III型皮肤，平均IPD剂量和MED几乎相等。对于I型皮肤，64%的人产生IPD所需的能量等于或大于其MED，30%的人在足以产生红斑的能量水平下未出现IPD，而所有IV型皮肤的人都有可测量的IPD反应。对于未显示可测量IPD的II型和III型皮肤志愿者，主要眼睛颜色为蓝色或绿色（74%）。使用防晒霜改变了所有4种皮肤类型的IPD反应。
