Hamilton R M, Thompson B K, Trenholm H L, Fiser P S, Greenhalgh R
Poult Sci. 1985 Oct;64(10):1840-52. doi: 10.3382/ps.0641840.
A short-term (10 weeks, Experiment 1) and a long-term experiment (24 weeks, Experiment 2) were done to determine effects of incorporating either white winter wheat, naturally contaminated with 1 mg deoxynivalenol (DON)/kg, or spring wheats, containing up to 6.5 mg DON/kg, into the diets of White Leghorn hens. Based on chemical analysis, the diets in Experiment 1 contained less than .05 to .7 mg DON/kg, while those in Experiment 2 contained from .2 to 4.9 mg/kg. Incorporation of winter or spring wheat in the experimental diets had no effect (P greater than .05) on feed intake and efficiency, egg production and yield, the number of soft shell and cracked eggs observed in the laying house, body weight at the completion of the experimental period, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, and the proportion of malformed embryos and pips. In addition, presence of DON-contaminated wheat did not influence (P greater than .05) the organ weight to body weight ratio for a randomly selected sample of hens necropsied at the completion of each experiment. There was little evidence of lesions in the oral cavity, esophagus, proventriculus and gizzard, hemorrhaging in the viscera or skeletal muscles, or of changes in the appearance of spleen, heart, and kidney. However, the livers from DON hens were fatty in appearance. Furthermore, vomiting (emesis), diarrhea, or changes in behaviour were not apparent and mortality, normally very low, was not increased during either experiment. Inverse linear relationships were obtained in Experiment 1 between dietary DON concentrations and egg weight (P less than .05), shell weight and thickness (P less than .01), and percent shell (P less than .05). Although egg and shell variables measured in Experiment 2 were not significantly influenced (P greater than .05) by DON treatment, trends towards lower values with higher dietary DON levels were evident. Egg specific gravity, nondestructive deformation, and quasistatic compression fracture strength of the egg's shell were not influenced (P greater than .05) by dietary DON levels. The results from these experiments indicate that laying hens can tolerate diets containing up to 5 mg DON/kg from white winter or spring wheat for extended periods of time without serious adverse effects on health and productivity.
开展了一项短期实验（10周，实验1）和一项长期实验（24周，实验2），以确定将天然受1毫克脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）/千克污染的冬小麦或含有高达6.5毫克DON/千克的春小麦添加到白来航母鸡日粮中所产生的影响。根据化学分析，实验1中的日粮所含DON低于0.05至0.7毫克/千克，而实验2中的日粮所含DON为0.2至4.9毫克/千克。在实验日粮中添加冬小麦或春小麦，对采食量和效率、产蛋量和产蛋率、鸡舍中观察到的软壳蛋和破壳蛋数量、实验期结束时的体重、受精率、受精卵孵化率以及畸形胚胎和啄壳雏鸡的比例均无影响（P大于0.05）。此外，受DON污染的小麦的存在对每个实验结束时随机选取进行剖检的母鸡样本的器官重量与体重之比也没有影响（P大于0.05）。几乎没有证据表明口腔、食道、腺胃和肌胃出现病变，内脏或骨骼肌出血，或者脾脏、心脏和肾脏的外观发生变化。然而，摄入DON的母鸡的肝脏外观呈脂肪样。此外，呕吐（催吐）、腹泻或行为变化并不明显，而且在任何一个实验期间，通常很低的死亡率也没有增加。在实验1中，日粮DON浓度与蛋重（P小于0.05）、蛋壳重量和厚度（P小于0.01）以及蛋壳百分比（P小于0.05）之间呈负线性关系。尽管实验2中测量的蛋和蛋壳变量未受DON处理的显著影响（P大于0.05），但随着日粮DON水平升高，数值有降低的趋势是明显的。日粮DON水平对蛋壳的蛋比重、无损变形和准静态压缩断裂强度没有影响（P大于0.05）。这些实验的结果表明，蛋鸡可以长期耐受含有高达5毫克DON/千克的冬小麦或春小麦的日粮，而不会对健康和生产力产生严重不利影响。
