Infectious bone defect is a condition where infection and bone defect occur simultaneously. The simultaneous achievement of effective antimicrobial management and enhanced bone regeneration continues to present a major hurdle in musculoskeletal therapeutics. To address these limitations, we have developed a novel osteoconductive material, this material (PDA@Mg-MOF-LEV) consists of Magnesium-based metal-organic frameworks (Mg-MOF) particles loaded with the antibiotic levofloxacin (LEV) and coated with polydopamine (PDA), which integrates photothermal therapy with antibiotic delivery to combat bacterial drug resistance and facilitate bone tissue regeneration. Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, PDA@Mg-MOF-LEV particles demonstrate superior antibacterial efficacy and enhanced osteogenic potential. Drug release studies indicate that NIR irradiation significantly increases LEV release by 337% and Mg ions release by 196% compared to standard conditions. Furthermore, in vitro antibacterial assays confirm that NIR irradiation markedly enhances the antibacterial activity of PDA@Mg-MOF-LEV particles, achieving inhibition rates of 97.5 ± 1.45% against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 98.5 ± 2.27% against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The photothermal therapy mediated by NIR irradiation not only enhances antibacterial efficacy but also directly stimulates osteogenic differentiation and calcium deposition in mBMSCs, positioning PDA@Mg-MOF-LEV as a multi-modal therapeutic platform for infective osteogenesis.