Fenni Ferdaws, Sunyer-Caldú Adrià, Mansour Hedi Ben, Diaz-Cruz Maria Silvia
Research Unit of Analysis and Procedures Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 1068, Tunisia.
Department of Environmental Science (ACES, Exposure & Effects), Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Jun;32(30):18419-18433. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36743-3. Epub 2025 Jul 24.
Pharmaceutical active compounds (PHACs) pose a significant risk to aquatic ecosystems due to their persistence and potential toxic effects. Despite their documented presence in various coastal environments, their occurrence along the Mahdia coastline remains largely unexplored. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), we analyzed seawater and sediment samples collected over six consecutive months from Mahdia's marine environment. Results revealed that antibiotics were the most prevalent PHACs, with ofloxacin reaching 401 ng/L in seawater. Other consistently detected compounds included flumequine, nalidixic acid, oxytetracycline, and N4-acetylsulfamerazine, with maximum concentrations of 16 ng/L, 17.1 ng/L, 12.1 ng/L, and 59.2 ng/L, respectively. Additionally, carbamazepine was detected at 5.2 ng/L, while caffeine concentrations ranged from 12.6 ng/L to 638 ng/L in seawater and up to 6.87 ng/g in sediment. The study also assessed antibiotic resistance risks, expressed as resistance risk quotients (RRQs) and indicating that ofloxacin and flumequine pose a medium-risk threat to bacterial communities. Ecotoxicological evaluations through calculation of ecotoxicological risk quotient (ERQs) and hazard indexes (HI) classified ofloxacin as a low-to-moderate risk for fish populations. These findings provide the first comprehensive mapping of PHAC contamination and potential risks along the Mahdia coast, emphasizing the urgent need for improved wastewater treatment and monitoring programs to mitigate environmental risks.
药物活性化合物（PHACs）因其持久性和潜在毒性作用，对水生生态系统构成重大风险。尽管已记录到它们存在于各种沿海环境中，但在马赫迪耶海岸线沿线的情况仍 largely unexplored。我们使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UHPLC-MS/MS），分析了连续六个月从马赫迪耶海洋环境采集的海水和沉积物样本。结果显示，抗生素是最普遍的PHACs，海水中氧氟沙星含量达401纳克/升。其他持续检测到的化合物包括氟甲喹、萘啶酸、土霉素和N4-乙酰磺胺嘧啶，其最大浓度分别为16纳克/升、17.1纳克/升、12.1纳克/升和59.2纳克/升。此外，检测到卡马西平含量为5.2纳克/升，海水中咖啡因浓度在12.6纳克/升至638纳克/升之间，沉积物中高达6.87纳克/克。该研究还评估了抗生素耐药性风险，以耐药风险商（RRQs）表示，表明氧氟沙星和氟甲喹对细菌群落构成中等风险威胁。通过计算生态毒理学风险商（ERQs）和危害指数（HI）进行的生态毒理学评估将氧氟沙星归类为对鱼类种群低至中等风险。这些发现首次全面描绘了马赫迪耶海岸沿线的PHAC污染和潜在风险，强调迫切需要改进废水处理和监测计划以减轻环境风险。
