Baracchini Clement, Messager Lucie, Stocker Philippe, Leignel Vincent
Laboratoire BIOSSE, Le Mans Université, Venue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France.
Toxics. 2023 Dec 30;12(1):29. doi: 10.3390/toxics12010029.
Caffeine is one of the most consumed substances by humans through foodstuffs (coffee, tea, drugs, etc.). Its human consumption releases a high quantity of caffeine into the hydrological network. Thus, caffeine is now considered an emergent pollutant sometimes found at high concentrations in oceans and seas. Surprisingly, little research has been conducted on the molecular responses induced by caffeine in marine organisms. We studied, in laboratory conditions, six phylogenetically distant species that perform distinct ecological functions ( and (cnidarians, predator), (gastropod, grazer), (bivalve, filter-feeder), and and (crabs, predator and scavenger)) subjected to caffeine exposure. The antioxidant responses (catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; superoxide dismutase, SOD), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were estimated when the organisms were exposed to environmental caffeine concentrations (5 μg/L (low), 10 μg/L (high)) over 14 days. Differential levels of responses and caffeine effects were noted in the marine invertebrates, probably in relation to their capacity to metabolization the pollutant. Surprisingly, the filter feeder (, oyster) did not show enzymatic responses or lipid peroxidation for the two caffeine concentrations tested. The marine gastropod (grazer) appeared to be more impacted by caffeine, with an increase in activities for all antioxidative enzymes (CAT, GPx, SOD). In parallel, the two cnidarians and two crabs were less affected by the caffeine contaminations. However, caffeine was revealed as a neurotoxic agent to all species studied, inducing high inhibition of AChE activity. This study provides new insights into the sublethal impacts of caffeine at environmentally relevant concentrations in marine invertebrates.
咖啡因是人类通过食物（咖啡、茶、药物等）摄入最多的物质之一。人类对其的消费使得大量咖啡因进入水文网络。因此，咖啡因现在被认为是一种新兴污染物，有时在海洋中会以高浓度被发现。令人惊讶的是，关于咖啡因对海洋生物诱导的分子反应的研究很少。我们在实验室条件下研究了六种系统发育关系较远、具有不同生态功能的物种（海葵（刺胞动物，捕食者）、滨螺（腹足纲动物，食草动物）、牡蛎（双壳贝类，滤食性动物）以及黄道蟹和三疣梭子蟹（蟹类，捕食者和清道夫）），使其暴露于咖啡因环境中。当这些生物在14天内暴露于环境咖啡因浓度（5微克/升（低）、10微克/升（高））时，对其抗氧化反应（过氧化氢酶，CAT；谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶，GPx；超氧化物歧化酶，SOD）、脂质过氧化（丙二醛，MDA）以及乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性进行了评估。在海洋无脊椎动物中观察到了不同水平的反应和咖啡因效应，这可能与它们代谢污染物的能力有关。令人惊讶的是，对于所测试的两种咖啡因浓度，滤食性动物（牡蛎）未表现出酶促反应或脂质过氧化。海洋腹足纲动物（食草动物）似乎受咖啡因影响更大，所有抗氧化酶（CAT、GPx、SOD）的活性均有所增加。同时，两种刺胞动物和两种蟹类受咖啡因污染的影响较小。然而，咖啡因对所有研究物种均显示为神经毒性剂，会导致AChE活性受到高度抑制。这项研究为环境相关浓度的咖啡因对海洋无脊椎动物的亚致死影响提供了新的见解。
