Gao Yue, Luo Yang, Liu Junying, Zhang Yiping, Xu Wenbo, Gao Min, Wang Xingdi, Gao Yu, Jiang Hang, Tian Pei, Song Zehai
State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
Gansu Province Transportation Planning, Survey & Design Institute, Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):22964. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06867-0.
In order to explore microorganisms which may utilized in soil rehabilitation and vegetation restoration, the present study evaluated the impacts of highway construction on soil chemical properties and microbiota and their interaction based on highway construction area in Gannan on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Soil samples were collected from highway construction area of Zhuoni-Hezuo highway including two representative locations at different distances and abandoned black and yellow soils in June and September. The properties of these collected soil samples, including the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, microbial biomass carbon, pH value, enzyme activity and microbiota were analyzed. A total of 26 phyla, including 369 genera of bacteria, and 14 phyla, including 307 genera of fungi, were identified in all soil samples. Only sampling time had a great impact on the soil, as the values of most of the tested soil chemical indices and microbial α-diversity indices in September were significantly higher than in June (P < 0.05). However, the fungal ACE index in September was significantly lower than that in June (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two distances within a single location or the two locations at the same distance, except for a few indices in September. The nutrient contents of the black soil were significantly higher than those of the yellow soil (P < 0.05), although both were significantly lower than those of the soil from plant-growing areas (P < 0.05). The soil chemical properties had a significant correlation with most of the bacterial α-diversity indices, which revealed the interaction between soil properties and microbiota. Specifically, Sphingomonas and Acaromyces et al. were recognized as biomarkers after LEfSe analysis. The soil total nitrogen content significantly affected plant fresh weight and the bacterial community, which was also the main factor affecting the biomarkers. These results were consistent with vegetation growth, suggesting that soil away from the red line of the highway construction had its own adaptation mechanisms; however, highway construction destroyed and affected the surrounding natural environment. Improved understanding of the impacts of highway construction on ecology will be critical in building decision support tools to help improve the ecosystem.
为了探索可用于土壤修复和植被恢复的微生物，本研究基于青藏高原甘南地区的公路建设区域，评估了公路建设对土壤化学性质和微生物群及其相互作用的影响。于6月和9月从卓尼—合作公路建设区域采集土壤样本，包括两个不同距离的代表性地点以及废弃的黑土和黄土。对这些采集的土壤样本的性质进行了分析，包括氮、磷、钾、微生物生物量碳、pH值、酶活性和微生物群。在所有土壤样本中，共鉴定出26个细菌门，包括369个属，以及14个真菌门，包括307个属。仅采样时间对土壤有很大影响，因为9月大多数测试土壤化学指标和微生物α多样性指标的值显著高于6月（P < 0.05）。然而，9月的真菌ACE指数显著低于6月（P < 0.05）。除9月的少数指标外，单个地点内的两个距离或相同距离的两个地点之间没有显著差异。黑土的养分含量显著高于黄土（P < 0.05），尽管两者均显著低于植物生长区土壤的养分含量（P < 0.05）。土壤化学性质与大多数细菌α多样性指标具有显著相关性，揭示了土壤性质与微生物群之间的相互作用。具体而言，经线性判别分析效应大小（LEfSe）分析后，鞘氨醇单胞菌属和嗜皮菌属等被识别为生物标志物。土壤全氮含量显著影响植物鲜重和细菌群落，这也是影响生物标志物的主要因素。这些结果与植被生长情况一致，表明远离公路建设红线的土壤具有自身的适应机制；然而，公路建设破坏并影响了周围的自然环境。更好地理解公路建设对生态的影响对于构建决策支持工具以帮助改善生态系统至关重要。
