School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.
J Adv Nurs. 2022 Jul;78(7):1919-1937. doi: 10.1111/jan.15237. Epub 2022 Apr 5.
To identify and synthesize the evidence on the perceptions of the health effects of dietary salt consumption and barriers to sustaining a salt-reduced diet for hypertension in Chinese people.
A systematic integrated review integrating quantitative and qualitative studies using the PRISMA guidelines.
Three databases, MEDLINE, PubMed and CINAHL, were systematically searched for articles published between January 2001 and July 2020.
The quality of the included studies was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools for cross-sectional and qualitative studies. Descriptive analysis and constant comparison methods were used to analyse the extracted data.
Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The synthesized results identified that (i) adequate salt-related health education had a positive influence on dietary behaviour modifications, (ii) the level of educational exposure to the health benefits of salt reduction influenced Chinese people's perceptions of the health impact associated with high salt intake, (iii) the complexity of salt measurement was a barrier to salt reduction, (iv) salt reduction is a challenge to Chinese food culture, and (v) Chinese migrants may experience linguistic and cultural challenges when they seek appropriate dietary education and advice for hypertension management in their host countries.
There is room for improvement in recognizing and translating the knowledge of salt-related health issues and the benefits of that knowledge about salt reduction into action. Future nursing interventions should incorporate individuals' cultural needs and the dietary culture of immediate family members.
This integrative review reveals that unique Chinese customs and practices reduce the effectiveness of salt reduction campaigns. The effects of education vanish without family support, resulting in suboptimal adherence to dietary salt reduction strategies.
识别并综合中国人群对膳食盐摄入健康影响的看法以及维持低盐饮食控制高血压的障碍的证据。
采用 PRISMA 指南整合定量和定性研究的系统综合评价。
系统检索了 2001 年 1 月至 2020 年 7 月间 MEDLINE、PubMed 和 CINAHL 三个数据库发表的文章。
使用 Joanna Briggs 研究所的横断面研究和定性研究的批判性评价工具对纳入研究的质量进行评价。采用描述性分析和恒比法对提取的数据进行分析。
符合纳入标准的研究有 14 项。综合结果表明：（i）充分的盐相关健康教育对饮食行为改变有积极影响；（ii）对减盐健康益处的教育程度影响中国人对高盐摄入相关健康影响的看法；（iii）盐测量的复杂性是减盐的障碍；（iv）减盐对中国饮食文化是一个挑战；（v）中国移民在其所在国寻求适当的高血压饮食教育和建议时可能会遇到语言和文化方面的挑战。
在认识和转化与盐相关的健康问题知识以及减盐知识的益处方面仍有改进的空间。未来的护理干预措施应纳入个人的文化需求和直系亲属的饮食文化。
本综合评价揭示了独特的中国习俗和做法降低了减盐运动的效果。教育的效果在没有家庭支持的情况下消失，导致对饮食盐减策略的依从性不佳。
