Cones Seth, Formel Nathan, Fontes Jorge, Afonso Pedro, Shorter K Alex, Graça Gonçalo, Priester C Robert, Das Diya, Mooney T Aran
Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
Institute of Marine Sciences-OKEANOS, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal.
R Soc Open Sci. 2025 Jul 23;12(7):250321. doi: 10.1098/rsos.250321. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Animal movements and the associated energy costs dictate an individual's scope for activity and habitat use. Yet measurements of movement often fail to quantify whole-body movement and their physiological costs. These challenges lead to data gaps connecting how movement behaviours and energy output interact to constrain species' biogeography. Here we combined swim tunnel respirometry and multi-positional field biologging data to estimate the energy output of squid (), an ecologically key marine invertebrate. Laboratory respirometry experiments revealed a strong correlation between body mass and metabolic rate during fin-contributed swimming, enabling energy cost estimates in the wild. Free-ranging squid enacted dynamic and diverse fin and jet swimming that varied on short time scales. Animals largely selected (66%) low-amplitude fin-contributed movements where fin waves propagated metachronally. Higher amplitude fin and jet movements were rare, accounting for 4% of time budgets. Application of the bioenergetic model on naturally exhibited behaviours estimated that animals consumed 3117 ± 532 mg O per day to fuel the predominant metachronal fin movements, an expenditure energetically comparable to that of similar-niche fishes. These unique data reveal substantial behavioural flexibility and indicate squid prefer low-cost movement behaviours that may enable squids' high growth rates and successful competition with fishes.
动物的运动及其相关的能量消耗决定了个体的活动范围和栖息地利用情况。然而，对运动的测量往往无法量化全身运动及其生理成本。这些挑战导致了数据缺口，无法将运动行为与能量输出之间的相互作用联系起来，以限制物种的生物地理学分布。在这里，我们结合了游泳隧道呼吸测定法和多位置野外生物记录数据，来估计鱿鱼（一种具有生态关键地位的海洋无脊椎动物）的能量输出。实验室呼吸测定实验表明，在鳍驱动游泳过程中，体重与代谢率之间存在很强的相关性，从而能够估算野外的能量消耗。自由游动的鱿鱼会进行动态多样的鳍和喷气式游泳，且在短时间尺度上有所变化。动物大多选择（66%）低振幅的鳍驱动运动，此时鳍波依次传播。高振幅的鳍和喷气式运动很少见，占时间预算的4%。将生物能量模型应用于自然表现出的行为，估计动物每天消耗3117±532毫克氧气来支持主要的依次传播的鳍运动，这一能量消耗在能量上与类似生态位的鱼类相当。这些独特的数据揭示了显著的行为灵活性，并表明鱿鱼更喜欢低成本的运动行为，这可能使鱿鱼能够实现高生长率并与鱼类成功竞争。
