Lu Wenjing, Li Minghan, LaMu DanZeng, Qian Hui, Liang Zhaofeng, Xu Xuezhong
Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025 Jul 10;13:1560583. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1560583. eCollection 2025.
Gastric cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of digestive tract. Early diagnosis, process monitoring, and appropriate treatment strategies are crucial to reducing mortality and improving patient outcomes. However, the lack of specific early symptoms and reliable diagnostic markers often leads to delayed diagnosis and suboptimal treatment strategies. Exosomes, as small vesicular structures derived from endosomes, play crucial roles in cell-to-cell communication and have emerged as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various cancers, including gastric cancer. This comprehensive review delves into the significance of exosomes and their cargo proteins, particularly focusing on their applications in the diagnosis, progress and treatment of gastric cancer. Based on this review, we believe that the real-time release characteristics of extracellular vesicle proteins make them an ideal tool for dynamically monitoring gastric cancer progression and treatment response. The potential of extracellular vesicles in "liquid biopsy" can be explored to replace traditional invasive examinations and achieve non-invasive and continuous disease monitoring. In the future, nanotechnology can be combined with artificial intelligence to develop an efficient extracellular vesicle protein capture and analysis platform, in order to enhance diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
胃癌是消化道常见的恶性肿瘤之一。早期诊断、病情监测和恰当的治疗策略对于降低死亡率和改善患者预后至关重要。然而，缺乏特异性早期症状和可靠的诊断标志物常常导致诊断延迟和治疗策略欠佳。外泌体作为源自内体的小泡结构，在细胞间通讯中发挥关键作用，并已成为包括胃癌在内的各种癌症中有前景的生物标志物和治疗靶点。这篇综述深入探讨了外泌体及其所载蛋白的重要性，尤其关注它们在胃癌诊断、病情进展和治疗中的应用。基于此综述，我们认为细胞外囊泡蛋白的实时释放特性使其成为动态监测胃癌进展和治疗反应的理想工具。可以探索细胞外囊泡在“液体活检”中的潜力，以取代传统的侵入性检查并实现对疾病的无创和连续监测。未来，可将纳米技术与人工智能相结合，开发高效的细胞外囊泡蛋白捕获和分析平台，以提高诊断的敏感性和特异性。
