Li Hanhao, Zhou Rujun, Li Danyu, Chen Xun Wen, Mo Cehui, Li Hui
MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jul 10;16:1624164. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1624164. eCollection 2025.
Co-contamination of cadmium (Cd) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil is common, posing serious ecological and health risks. Simultaneous remediation of both pollutants using plants is particularly challenging due to their contrasting environmental behaviors. The challenge is chelators can enhance Cd extraction by plants but Cd inhibits microbial activity, limiting PBDEs degradation. To tackle this, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi show promising potential as they produce extensive hyphae networks capable of immobilizing Cd and enhancing rhizosphere microbial activity. However, the combined effects of AM fungi and chelators for the simultaneous remediation remain elusive. Here, using a pot experiment, was grown in Cd/BDE-209 co-contaminated soil under four treatments (control, citric acid, AM fungi, and combined) to assess remediation potential. we found that CA increased ethanol-extractable Cd in shoots by 2.81-fold while reducing shoot total Cd concentration by 19.91%. Additionally, CA enhanced BDE-209 accumulation by 40.75% but decreased biomass by 20.22%. AM fungi increased the proportion of residual Cd in shoots, which thereby reduced Cd toxicity to plants, and enhanced the proportion of acid-soluble Cd in soil, promoting Cd mobilization. However, these changes did not affect the remaining Cd or BDE-209 concentrations in the soil. The combination of AM fungi and CA reduced soil Cd concentration by 13.09% compared to the control and promoted BDE-209 accumulation in shoots, resulting in a 42.80% decrease in soil BDE-209 concentration. This reduction was attributed to enhanced soil polyphenol oxidase and urease activities, which accelerated BDE-209 debromination and dissipation. Our work shows the synergistic potential of AM fungi and CA in mitigating Cd and PBDEs co-contamination, offering a sustainable remediation strategy.
土壤中镉（Cd）和多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）的共同污染很常见，会带来严重的生态和健康风险。由于这两种污染物的环境行为截然不同，利用植物同时修复这两种污染物极具挑战性。挑战在于螯合剂可以增强植物对镉的提取，但镉会抑制微生物活性，从而限制多溴二苯醚的降解。为了解决这个问题，丛枝菌根（AM）真菌显示出有前景的潜力，因为它们能产生广泛的菌丝网络，能够固定镉并增强根际微生物活性。然而，AM真菌和螯合剂对同时修复的联合效应仍不明确。在此，通过盆栽试验，将植物种植在镉/ BDE - 209共同污染的土壤中，设置四种处理（对照、柠檬酸、AM真菌和联合处理）来评估修复潜力。我们发现柠檬酸使地上部乙醇可提取镉增加了2.81倍，同时使地上部总镉浓度降低了19.91%。此外，柠檬酸使BDE - 209积累增加了40.75%，但生物量降低了20.22%。AM真菌增加了地上部残留镉的比例，从而降低了镉对植物的毒性，并提高了土壤中酸溶性镉的比例，促进了镉的活化。然而，这些变化并未影响土壤中剩余的镉或BDE - 209浓度。与对照相比，AM真菌和柠檬酸的组合使土壤镉浓度降低了13.09%，并促进了地上部BDE - 209的积累，导致土壤BDE - 209浓度降低了42.80%。这种降低归因于土壤多酚氧化酶和脲酶活性的增强，这加速了BDE - 209的脱溴和消散。我们的研究表明AM真菌和柠檬酸在减轻镉和多溴二苯醚共同污染方面具有协同潜力，提供了一种可持续的修复策略。
