Hasib Farazi Muhammad Yasir, Bayzid Md, Das Tridip, Rana Eaftekhar Ahmed, Kamal Towhida, Hossain Mohammad Alamgir, Alim Mohammad Abdul
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Khulshi, Bangladesh.
Poultry Research and Training Centre, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Khulshi, Bangladesh.
Vet Med Sci. 2025 Sep;11(5):e70509. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70509.
Pet bird rearing has been increasing over the last decade in Bangladesh. These pet bird species suffer from diverse diseases that are treated with different antimicrobials, contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the country.
The current study aimed to determine the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli from cloacal samples of pet birds. This study also explored the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profile of ESBL-E. coli against a range of antibiotics, followed by molecular identification of selected ESBL genes (TEM, SHV, CTX-M) in isolated bacteria.
A total of 150 cloacal swab samples of pet birds were purposively collected from the Chattogram metropolitan area of the country. Identification and confirmation of E. coli were performed following microbiological and molecular techniques. All the confirmed E. coli isolates were further screened using the combination disk method for validation of phenotypic ESBL producers. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed for selected antibiotics using the disk diffusion technique followed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.
The overall detection rate of E. coli from cloacal swabs was 48.7% [n = 73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 40.4-57], and out of 73 confirmed isolates, 32 (43.83%) were ESBL-E. coli. Surprisingly, all the 32 ESBL isolates were multidrug-resistant. All the ESBL isolates were susceptible to meropenem and resistant to ampicillin and ceftriaxone. Molecular identification of the ESBL genes showed that TEM was the most prevalent group of target genes.
The data generated in this study are the first of its kind and would be beneficial to veterinary practices, aviculturists and pet bird breeders in Bangladesh. The current research suggests that pet birds are a source of MDR ESBL-E. coli, which may pose a potential threat to public health.
在过去十年中，孟加拉国饲养宠物鸟的人数一直在增加。这些宠物鸟患有各种疾病，需要使用不同的抗菌药物进行治疗，这导致了该国的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）。
本研究旨在确定宠物鸟泄殖腔样本中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的多重耐药（MDR）大肠杆菌的发生率。本研究还探讨了ESBL-E. coli对一系列抗生素的表型抗菌药物耐药谱，随后对分离细菌中选定的ESBL基因（TEM、SHV、CTX-M）进行分子鉴定。
从该国吉大港市有目的地收集了150份宠物鸟泄殖腔拭子样本。采用微生物学和分子技术对大肠杆菌进行鉴定和确认。所有确诊的大肠杆菌分离株均采用联合纸片法进一步筛选，以验证表型ESBL产生菌。采用纸片扩散技术对选定的抗生素进行表型抗菌药物敏感性试验（AST），随后进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）分析。
泄殖腔拭子中大肠杆菌的总体检出率为48.7%[n = 73，95%置信区间（CI）= 40.4-57]，在73株确诊分离株中，32株（43.83%）为ESBL-E. coli。令人惊讶的是，所有32株ESBL分离株均具有多重耐药性。所有ESBL分离株对美罗培南敏感，对氨苄西林和头孢曲松耐药。ESBL基因的分子鉴定表明，TEM是最常见的目标基因群。
本研究产生的数据尚属首次报道，将对孟加拉国的兽医实践、鸟类饲养者和宠物鸟养殖者有益。目前的研究表明，宠物鸟是MDR ESBL-E. coli的一个来源，可能对公共卫生构成潜在威胁。
