Dzulkifli Khaleeda Azalea, Hassan Latiffah, Zakaria Zunita, Rani Puteri Azaziah Megat Abdul, Ahmad Nur Indah
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Vet Med Sci. 2025 Jul;11(4):e70452. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70452.
Epidemiological study of pets in Malaysia as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistant bacteria is unknown.
This study aims to determine the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli from rectal swabs pet cats and dogs in the central region of Peninsular Malaysia.
A cross-sectional study on physically healthy pet cats and dogs was conducted in the Klang Valley between 2019 and 2020. Rectal swabs were collected for ESBL-producing E. coli identification and detection. A questionnaire was used to collect pet data, and univariable and multivariable analysis was conducted to determine risk factors ESBL-producing E. coli detection.
A total of 160 rectal swabs were collected from physically healthy pets in the Klang Valley, with 6.8% (n = 11) dogs and 3.8% (n = 6) cats were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli (10.6%). The highest resistance demonstrated by the ESBL isolates was towards ampicillin, cephalexin and cefotaxime (100%). Multiple-drug resistance of the ESBL-isolates was high, with 91.7% (n = 22) and 68.8% (n = 11) in dogs and cats. The most predominant ESBL genes was bla (43.2%). None of these isolates carried bla. Dogs were four times more likely to carry ESBL-producing E. coli in their faeces compared to cats. ESBL-producing E. coli carriage was positively associated in dogs, among pets sharing feeding area or pets with a history of gastrointestinal symptoms.
ESBL-producing E. coli in cats and dogs in Malaysia was determined at 10.6%, with dogs at a greater risk of carrying the bacteria. Co-resistance to more than three types of tested antibiotics for the ESBL-producing E. coli isolated was high. Pets act as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and resistance genes that can be shared with human through interactions. Antimicrobial stewardship remains critical to safeguard not only antibiotics but also the health of pets and humans.
马来西亚将宠物作为抗菌药物耐药菌宿主的流行病学研究尚不清楚。
本研究旨在从马来西亚半岛中部地区宠物猫和狗的直肠拭子中检测产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的大肠杆菌。
2019年至2020年期间，在巴生谷对身体健康的宠物猫和狗进行了一项横断面研究。采集直肠拭子用于产ESBL大肠杆菌的鉴定和检测。使用问卷调查收集宠物数据，并进行单变量和多变量分析以确定产ESBL大肠杆菌检测的风险因素。
从巴生谷身体健康的宠物中总共采集了160份直肠拭子，其中6.8%（n = 11）的狗和3.8%（n = 6）的猫产ESBL大肠杆菌呈阳性（10.6%）。ESBL分离株表现出的最高耐药性是对氨苄西林、头孢氨苄和头孢噻肟（100%）。ESBL分离株的多重耐药性很高，狗和猫中分别为91.7%（n = 22）和68.8%（n = 11）。最主要的ESBL基因是bla（43.2%）。这些分离株均未携带bla。狗粪便中携带产ESBL大肠杆菌的可能性是猫的四倍。在共享喂食区域的宠物或有胃肠道症状病史的宠物中，狗中产ESBL大肠杆菌的携带呈正相关。
马来西亚猫和狗中产ESBL大肠杆菌的检出率为10.6%，狗携带该细菌的风险更高。分离出的产ESBL大肠杆菌对三种以上测试抗生素的共同耐药性很高。宠物作为抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）和耐药基因的宿主，可通过相互作用与人类共享。抗菌药物管理对于不仅保护抗生素，而且保护宠物和人类的健康仍然至关重要。
