Zheng Zaixiang, Gu Xin, Yang Shengnan, Wang Yue, Zhang Ying, Han Qingzhen, Cao Pan
School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Surface Strengthening and Functional Manufacturing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2025 Jul 17;10(7):470. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics10070470.
As an emerging energy-saving approach, bio-inspired drag reduction technology has become a key research direction for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This study introduces the latest research progress on bio-inspired microstructured surfaces in the field of underwater drag reduction, focusing on analyzing the drag reduction mechanism, preparation process, and application effect of the three major technological paths; namely, bio-inspired non-smooth surfaces, bio-inspired superhydrophobic surfaces, and bio-inspired modified coatings. Bio-inspired non-smooth surfaces can significantly reduce the wall shear stress by regulating the flow characteristics of the turbulent boundary layer through microstructure design. Bio-inspired superhydrophobic surfaces form stable gas-liquid interfaces through the construction of micro-nanostructures and reduce frictional resistance by utilizing the slip boundary effect. Bio-inspired modified coatings, on the other hand, realize the synergistic function of drag reduction and antifouling through targeted chemical modification of materials and design of micro-nanostructures. Although these technologies have made significant progress in drag reduction performance, their engineering applications still face bottlenecks such as manufacturing process complexity, gas layer stability, and durability. Future research should focus on the analysis of drag reduction mechanisms and optimization of material properties under multi-physical field coupling conditions, the development of efficient and low-cost manufacturing processes, and the enhancement of surface stability and adaptability through dynamic self-healing coatings and smart response materials. It is hoped that the latest research status of bio-inspired drag reduction technology reviewed in this study provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the sustainable development and energy-saving design of ships and underwater vehicles.
作为一种新兴的节能方法，仿生减阻技术已成为降低能源消耗和温室气体排放的关键研究方向。本研究介绍了水下减阻领域中仿生微结构表面的最新研究进展，重点分析了三种主要技术路径的减阻机理、制备工艺及应用效果；即仿生非光滑表面、仿生超疏水表面和仿生改性涂层。仿生非光滑表面可通过微观结构设计调节湍流边界层的流动特性，显著降低壁面剪应力。仿生超疏水表面通过构建微纳结构形成稳定的气液界面，并利用滑移边界效应降低摩擦阻力。另一方面，仿生改性涂层通过对材料进行有针对性的化学改性和微纳结构设计，实现减阻与防污的协同功能。尽管这些技术在减阻性能方面取得了显著进展，但其工程应用仍面临制造工艺复杂、气层稳定性和耐久性等瓶颈。未来的研究应集中在多物理场耦合条件下减阻机理分析和材料性能优化、高效低成本制造工艺的开发，以及通过动态自修复涂层和智能响应材料提高表面稳定性和适应性。希望本研究所综述的仿生减阻技术的最新研究现状为船舶和水下航行器的可持续发展和节能设计提供理论依据和技术参考。
