Elipe-Lorenzo Pablo, Verdugo Miguel Ángel, Diez-Fernández Pelayo, Ruibal-Lista Brais, López-García Sergio
Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Grupo de Investigación en Actividad Física, Deporte y Salud (GIADES), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Jun 26;13(7):208. doi: 10.3390/sports13070208.
Over the past decade, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the positive impact of full and equal participation in sport on the quality of life (QoL) of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). However, access to mainstream sports remains limited due to persistent barriers, which leads to low participation levels among people with IDs. In this context, the Mixed Ability (MA) model offers an innovative approach by promoting the inclusion of people with and without disabilities in the same mainstream teams, without classification processes or modifications to the rules of the sport. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between rugby MA and the QoL and the needs of players with IDs. Using a convergent mixed methods design, the quantitative aspect involved 46 participants aged 18-57, engaged in eight different rugby teams, while the qualitative component included a focus group with four ID players from a rugby team. The findings revealed a positive correlation between higher QoL and the duration of participation in mainstream sports among the participants. Furthermore, a positive trend was also observed among individuals with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities. Qualitatively, participants highlighted the model's emphasis on inclusivity, familial bonds, enjoyment, community spirit, active engagement, and opportunities to experience new activities. The shift towards inclusion requires modifying the community so that every person has opportunities to lead a valuable, meaningful, and self-determined life. In this sense, the MA sports model emerges as a potent instrument for fostering inclusive communities and enhancing the QoL of people with IDs.
在过去十年中,越来越多的证据凸显了全面平等参与体育运动对智障人士生活质量的积极影响。然而,由于持续存在的障碍,智障人士参与主流体育活动的机会仍然有限,这导致他们的参与水平较低。在这种背景下,混合能力(MA)模式提供了一种创新方法,通过促进残疾人和非残疾人在同一主流团队中的融合,无需进行分级程序或修改运动规则。因此,本研究旨在探讨混合能力橄榄球运动与智障球员的生活质量及需求之间的关系。采用收敛性混合方法设计,定量方面涉及46名年龄在18至57岁之间、参与八个不同橄榄球队的参与者,而定性部分包括与一支橄榄球队的四名智障球员进行的焦点小组访谈。研究结果显示,参与者的生活质量提高与参与主流体育活动的时长之间存在正相关。此外,在中度和重度智障人士中也观察到了积极趋势。从定性角度来看,参与者强调了该模式对包容性、家庭纽带、乐趣、社区精神、积极参与以及体验新活动机会的重视。向包容性的转变需要对社区进行调整,以便每个人都有机会过上有价值、有意义且自主的生活。从这个意义上说,混合能力体育模式成为促进包容性社区发展和提高智障人士生活质量的有力工具。