Caplan R D, Andrews F M, Conway T L, Abbey A, Abramis D J, French J R
Soc Sci Med. 1985;21(8):887-98. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(85)90145-5.
A longitudinal panel study examined the effects of actual use of diazepam (Valium) on subjective reports of life quality, affect, performance, stress, social support, control, coping and other variables related to mental health. Standardized interviews were conducted with 675 persons from the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Based on prescription records, diazepam users and nonusers were selected to represent a variety of sociodemographic characteristics rather than to be a completely random sample. Significant others in work and in personal life were also interviewed. Four interviews took place, one approximately every 6 weeks. Testing for social effects was conducted by within- and across-person analyses of 367 respondents who reported taking the medication at some time during the study and by comparisons with 308 respondents who did not report taking Valium. Users of Valium tended to take less Valium than prescribed. They also reported consuming less alcohol when using Valium than at other times and less than non-Valium users. Although there was a modest, positive cross-sectional relation between Valium use and distress, numerous multivariate analyses controlling for levels of stress and health indicated no notable effects of Valium use on any of the social or psychological indicators, including anxiety. Several interpretations of the results are examined including the possibility that the effects of Valium use were short-lived rather than long-term and that Valium may have been taken in anticipation of anxiety rather than after its occurrence.
一项纵向追踪研究考察了实际使用地西泮（安定）对生活质量、情绪、表现、压力、社会支持、掌控感、应对方式以及其他与心理健康相关变量的主观报告的影响。对底特律都会区的675人进行了标准化访谈。根据处方记录，选择地西泮使用者和非使用者以代表各种社会人口学特征，而非完全随机抽样。还对工作和个人生活中的重要他人进行了访谈。共进行了四次访谈，大约每6周一次。通过对367名在研究期间报告曾服用该药物的受访者进行个体内和个体间分析，并与308名未报告服用安定的受访者进行比较，来检验社会效应。安定使用者服用的安定往往比处方量少。他们还报告说，服用安定期间饮酒量比其他时候少，且比未服用安定的人少。尽管安定使用与困扰之间存在适度的正相关横断面关系，但多项控制压力和健康水平的多变量分析表明，使用安定对包括焦虑在内的任何社会或心理指标均无显著影响。文中考察了对结果的几种解释，包括使用安定的影响可能是短期而非长期的，以及安定可能是在预期焦虑时服用而非在焦虑发生后服用。
