Feng Li, Yue Xiaofei, Li Junhao, Zhao Fangyao, Yu Xiaoping, Yang Ke
College of Agriculture, Forestry and Medicine, The Open University of China, Beijing 100039, China.
Rehabilitation Pharmacy Center, Affiliated Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Jul 21;15(14):1132. doi: 10.3390/nano15141132.
Over the past few decades, pesticide application has increased significantly, driven by population growth and associated urbanization. To date, pesticide use remains crucial for sustaining global food security by enhancing crop yields and preserving quality. However, extensive pesticide application raises serious environmental and health concerns worldwide due to its chemical persistence and high toxicity to organisms, including humans. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop rapid and reliable analytical procedures for the quantification of trace pesticide residues to support public health management. Traditional methods, such as chromatography-based detection techniques, cannot simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and portability, which limits their practical application. Nanomaterial-based sensing techniques are increasingly being adopted due to their rapid, efficient, user-friendly, and on-site detection capabilities. In this review, we summarize recent advances and emerging trends in commonly used nanosensing technologies, such as optical and electrochemical sensing, with a focus on recognition elements including enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). We discuss the types of nanomaterials used, preparation methods, performance, characteristics, advantages and limitations, and applications of these nanosensors in detecting pesticide residues in agricultural products. Furthermore, we highlight current challenges, ongoing efforts, and future directions in the development of pesticide detection nanosensors.
在过去几十年中，受人口增长及相关城市化进程的推动，农药施用量显著增加。迄今为止，农药使用对于通过提高作物产量和保持品质来维持全球粮食安全仍然至关重要。然而，由于农药具有化学持久性且对包括人类在内的生物体具有高毒性，广泛使用农药在全球范围内引发了严重的环境和健康问题。因此，迫切需要开发快速可靠的分析程序来定量痕量农药残留，以支持公共卫生管理。传统方法，如基于色谱的检测技术，无法同时实现高灵敏度、高选择性、成本效益和便携性，这限制了它们的实际应用。基于纳米材料的传感技术因其快速、高效、用户友好和现场检测能力而越来越多地被采用。在本综述中，我们总结了常用纳米传感技术（如光学和电化学传感）的最新进展和新趋势，重点关注包括酶、抗体、适体和分子印迹聚合物（MIP）在内的识别元件。我们讨论了所使用的纳米材料类型、制备方法、性能、特点、优点和局限性，以及这些纳米传感器在检测农产品中农药残留方面的应用。此外，我们强调了农药检测纳米传感器开发中的当前挑战、正在进行的努力和未来方向。
