Wassgren Jerred, Hozumi Atsushi
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 4-205, Sakurazaka, Moriyama, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan.
ACS Nano. 2025 Aug 5;19(30):27075-27115. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5c02443. Epub 2025 Jul 25.
In recent years, surface modification designed to easily repel a variety of liquids and allow them to slide off effortlessly has attracted significant attention. These liquids include both polar and nonpolar liquids with a range of surface tensions, as well as emulsions and biological fluids, such as blood. Such multiliquid-repellency is often referred to as "(super)omniphobicity". To achieve (super)omniphobicity, the most common approach has been to roughen the substrate surfaces and subsequently modify them with long-chain perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) to reduce liquid adhesion or limit the contact area between the liquid and substrate, thereby maximizing the apparent/static contact angles (θ). Long-chain PFCs possess very low surface energies and have been considered crucial for the development of (super)omniphobic surfaces. Recently, concerns have been raised about the effects of long-chain PFCs on both the environment and human health. Therefore, designs for (super)omniphobic surfaces that do not rely on long-chain PFCs are urgently needed. This review highlights the latest advancements in both textured superomniphobic surfaces (e.g., re-entrant structured surfaces, θ > 150°) and smooth, flat omniphobic surfaces (e.g., liquid-like surfaces, θ < 150°) that are fabricated using only ubiquitous elements, and without the use of any long-chain PFCs. Each section provides a concise summary of the current research, detailing the underlying basic and guiding concepts, materials, fabrication techniques, resulting static and dynamic dewetting performances, and any additional functionalities. Finally, existing scientific and technical challenges in fundamental research, as well as industrial applications in this promising research field, are discussed, along with potential future directions.
近年来，旨在轻松排斥各种液体并使其能轻松滑落的表面改性引起了广泛关注。这些液体包括具有不同表面张力的极性和非极性液体，以及乳液和生物流体，如血液。这种对多种液体的排斥性通常被称为“（超）全疏性”。为了实现（超）全疏性，最常见的方法是使基底表面粗糙化，随后用长链全氟化合物（PFCs）对其进行改性，以降低液体附着力或限制液体与基底之间的接触面积，从而使表观/静态接触角（θ）最大化。长链PFCs具有极低的表面能，被认为对（超）全疏表面的开发至关重要。最近，人们对长链PFCs对环境和人类健康的影响表示担忧。因此，迫切需要不依赖长链PFCs的（超）全疏表面设计。本综述重点介绍了仅使用常见元素制造的纹理化超全疏表面（例如，凹腔结构表面，θ>150°）和平滑、平坦的全疏表面（例如，类液体表面，θ<150°）的最新进展，且未使用任何长链PFCs。每个部分都对当前研究进行了简要总结，详细阐述了基本概念和指导理念、材料、制造技术、由此产生的静态和动态去湿性能以及任何附加功能。最后，讨论了基础研究中现有的科学和技术挑战，以及这一有前景的研究领域的工业应用，以及潜在的未来发展方向。
