Ren Jingyao, Guo Pei, Zhao Xinhua, Ma Xinlei, Ai Xin, Wang Jing, Zou Hongtao, Yu Haiqiu
College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Jul 25;25(1):957. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06984-y.
Drought stress poses a critical constraint to plant growth by impairing photosynthetic efficiency in crops.
Through transcriptome profiling of two peanut cultivars with contrasting drought tolerance, Fuhua18 (drought-sensitive, FH18) and Nonghua5 (drought-tolerant, NH5), we identified significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in photosynthesis-related pathways. Notably, these genes were predominantly downregulated in FH18. Subsequent physiological analysis revealed cultivar-specific responses: Chlorophyll content decreased in FH18 but increased in NH5 after 24 h of drought treatment, accompanied by significant reductions in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUE) in both cultivars. The drought-induced physiological perturbations were further evidenced by elevated electrolyte leakage and activated antioxidant systems. To dissect photosynthetic apparatus dynamics, we implemented JIP-test analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics. Both cultivars exhibited substantial increases in Vj and Vi parameters at 24 h, while FH18 demonstrated a pronounced elevation in Vk during the O-J phase transition, suggesting severe impairment of the oxygen-evolving complex. Quantitative evaluation of photosynthetic performance indices revealed marked declines in PI and PI, indicating systemic damage to both PSI and PSII under drought stress. Comparative analysis identified 11 traits showing significant inter-cultivar variation, particularly in PSII reaction center parameters including PI, DI/RC, RE/RC, ABS/RC, and TR/RC.
These findings provide mechanistic insights into cultivar-dependent photosynthetic responses to drought stress, offering potential biomarkers for breeding drought-resilient peanut varieties.
干旱胁迫通过损害作物的光合效率对植物生长构成关键限制。
通过对两个耐旱性不同的花生品种福花18（干旱敏感型，FH18）和农花5（耐旱型，NH5）进行转录组分析，我们发现在光合作用相关途径中差异表达基因显著富集。值得注意的是，这些基因在FH18中主要下调。随后的生理分析揭示了品种特异性反应：干旱处理24小时后，FH18的叶绿素含量下降，而NH5的叶绿素含量增加，同时两个品种的净光合速率（Pn）和水分利用效率（WUE）均显著降低。电解质渗漏增加和抗氧化系统激活进一步证明了干旱诱导的生理扰动。为了剖析光合机构动态，我们对叶绿素荧光动力学进行了JIP测试分析。两个品种在24小时时Vj和Vi参数均大幅增加，而FH18在O-J相转变期间Vk显著升高，表明放氧复合体严重受损。光合性能指标的定量评估显示PI和PI显著下降，表明干旱胁迫下PSI和PSII均受到系统性损伤。比较分析确定了11个性状表现出显著的品种间差异，特别是在PSII反应中心参数方面，包括PI、DI/RC、RE/RC、ABS/RC和TR/RC。
这些发现为品种依赖的干旱胁迫光合反应提供了机制性见解，为培育耐旱花生品种提供了潜在的生物标志物。
