形态特征、光合能力和叶绿体基因组的差异揭示了区分当归、细叶当归和 gigas 当归的分子标记。

Differences in morphological characteristics, photosynthetic capacity and Chloroplast genomes reveal molecular markers to distinguish Angelica sinensis, A. acutiloba and A. gigas.

作者信息

Li Xia, Zhao Weihua, Zhao Yan, Li Mengfei

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.

National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, China.

出版信息

BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Jul 26;25(1):961. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06987-9.

DOI:10.1186/s12870-025-06987-9

PMID:40713508

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12297811/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The dried roots of Angelica sinensis, A. acutiloba, and A. gigas in the Angelica L. have been used as the same traditional medicines for nourishing the blood, regulating female menstrual disorders, relieving pains, and relaxing bowels for thousands of years. Although significant differences in geographical distribution, morphological characteristics, chemical components, and gene sizes have been observed in previous studies, they were limited to distinguishing the three species through an efficient, unique, and accurate approach.

RESULTS

In this study, morphological characteristics, photosynthetic capacity, and chloroplast (CP) genomes of the three species were performed. There were obvious differences in morphological characteristics, such as leaf margin irregularly coarse-cuspidate-serrate of A. sinensis, leaf margin irregularly acute-serrate of A. acutiloba, and leaf margin irregularly coarse-toothed apex acute of A. gigas. There was a higher photosynthetic capacity of A. gigas and A. acutiloba than A. sinensis, which was consistent with root biomass. The length of CP genomes of A. sinensis, A. acutiloba and A. gigas were 141,869, 147,057 and 147,050 bp with encoding 124,128 and 128 genes, respectively. There were 3 genes (i.e., psbA, ndhB, and ycf15) affecting the expansion and contraction of inverted repeat (IR), and 7 genes (i.e., matK, psbN, ccsA, rps8, ndhF, ycf1, and ycf2) in the gene regions presenting notably high nucleotide diversity.

CONCLUSION

The distinct phenotypes of leaf shape and stem color can be used for species delimitation of the three species. The 3 genes (i.e., psbA, ndhB, and ycf15) can be used to distinguish A. sinensis from A. acutiloba and A. gigas using the agarose gel electrophoresis and the base sequence. The 7 genes (i.e., matK, psbN, ccsA, rps8, ndhF, ycf1, and ycf2) can accurately distinguish the three species using the base sequence. We establish a rapid and reliable multi-level identification system for the three Angelica species. This approach addresses critical challenges in medicinal plant taxonomy and supports quality control in herbal product industries.

摘要

背景

当归属的当归、日本当归和 gigas 当归的干燥根作为传统药物用于养血、调节女性月经紊乱、止痛和润肠已有数千年历史。尽管先前的研究观察到它们在地理分布、形态特征、化学成分和基因大小上存在显著差异，但这些研究仅限于通过一种有效、独特且准确的方法来区分这三个物种。

结果

本研究对这三个物种的形态特征、光合能力和叶绿体（CP）基因组进行了研究。形态特征存在明显差异，如当归的叶缘不规则粗尖锯齿状、日本当归的叶缘不规则锐锯齿状、gigas 当归的叶缘不规则粗齿状且先端尖锐。gigas 当归和日本当归的光合能力高于当归，这与根生物量一致。当归、日本当归和 gigas 当归的 CP 基因组长度分别为 141,869、147,057 和 147,050 碱基对，分别编码 124、128 和 128 个基因。有 3 个基因（即 psbA、ndhB 和 ycf15）影响反向重复序列（IR）的扩增和收缩，在基因区域有 7 个基因（即 matK、psbN、ccsA、rps8、ndhF、ycf1 和 ycf2）呈现出显著高的核苷酸多样性。

结论

叶片形状和茎颜色的明显表型可用于这三个物种的物种界定。3 个基因（即 psbA、ndhB 和 ycf15）可通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和碱基序列用于区分当归与日本当归和 gigas 当归。7 个基因（即 matK、psbN、ccsA、rps8、ndhF、ycf1 和 ycf2）可通过碱基序列准确区分这三个物种。我们建立了一种快速可靠的三种当归属物种的多层次鉴定系统。该方法解决了药用植物分类学中的关键挑战，并支持草药产品行业的质量控制。