Liu Lijun, Sun Xuewan, Li Changchang, Huang Shujie, Wang Cheng, Tang Weiming
Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
Guangdong Provincial Center for Skin Diseases and STIs Control, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
BMC Womens Health. 2025 Jul 25;25(1):367. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03891-0.
Antibiotic use not only can treat chlamydia infection but may also have an impact on chlamydia transmission. This study assessed whether prior antibiotic use was associated with a lower prevalence of chlamydia infection among women in a country with high antibiotic consumption.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 among sexually active women aged 18-44 years in Guangdong Province, China. Participants seeking gynecological care underwent current chlamydia and gonorrhea testing using nucleic acid amplification. Antibiotic use in the past year was self-reported. Logistic regression models assessed the association between prior antibiotic use and the prevalence of chlamydia infection.
This study surveyed 391 participants (average age: 31.5 ± 6.2 years). Among them, 41.2% (161/391) self-reported using at least one antibiotic in the past year, with amoxicillin being the most common. Chlamydia prevalence was 8.2% (32/391), while no gonorrhea cases were detected. After adjusting for age, age at first debut, and engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors, prior use of any antibiotics was associated with a lower prevalence of chlamydia infection (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.95). Among patients who had used the recommended regimens for chlamydia infection (azithromycin, amoxicillin, and/or erythromycin), the prevalence was low (5.3%). It showed a non-significant trend toward reduced prevalence of current chlamydia infection (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.14, 1.10).
Recent antibiotic use is prevalent among women attending gynecological clinics in China. Overall, prior antibiotic use showed a trend towards being negatively associated with the prevalence of chlamydia infection. Further investigations in larger studies are warranted.
抗生素的使用不仅可以治疗衣原体感染，还可能对衣原体传播产生影响。本研究评估了在抗生素消费量较高的国家，既往使用抗生素是否与女性衣原体感染患病率较低有关。
2019年在中国广东省对18 - 44岁性活跃女性进行了一项横断面研究。寻求妇科护理的参与者使用核酸扩增技术进行了当前衣原体和淋病检测。过去一年的抗生素使用情况由参与者自行报告。逻辑回归模型评估了既往使用抗生素与衣原体感染患病率之间的关联。
本研究共调查了391名参与者（平均年龄：31.5±6.2岁）。其中，41.2%（161/391）的参与者自行报告在过去一年中至少使用过一种抗生素，最常用的是阿莫西林。衣原体患病率为8.2%（32/391），未检测到淋病病例。在调整年龄、初次性行为年龄和高危性行为后，既往使用任何抗生素与衣原体感染患病率较低有关（比值比：0.39，95%置信区间：0.16，0.95）。在使用过衣原体感染推荐治疗方案（阿奇霉素、阿莫西林和/或红霉素）的患者中，患病率较低（5.3%）。目前衣原体感染患病率呈下降趋势，但无统计学意义（比值比 = 0.40，95%置信区间：0.14，1.10）。
在中国，近期使用抗生素在妇科门诊就诊的女性中很普遍。总体而言，既往使用抗生素与衣原体感染患病率呈负相关趋势。有必要在更大规模的研究中进行进一步调查。
