Brandquist Nichole D, Kielian Tammy
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2025 Jul 25;11(1):144. doi: 10.1038/s41522-025-00782-y.
Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of biofilm infections, particularly on implanted medical devices. Biofilms are heterogeneous bacterial communities contained in a self-produced matrix that are poorly cleared by the immune system. This review discusses mechanisms employed by the biofilm, such as alterations in bacterial metabolism and toxin production, to induce immune dysfunction by highlighting recent bacterial single-cell sequencing studies. Additionally, the role of immune recognition and metabolism in biofilm containment is examined with an emphasis on the role of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and how responses are tailored to distinct tissue niches. We also address emerging evidence revealing the importance of the infection microenvironment, host genetic variability, and bacterial heterogeneity in shaping immune responses during S. aureus biofilm infections.
金黄色葡萄球菌是生物膜感染的常见病因，尤其是在植入式医疗器械上。生物膜是包含在自身产生的基质中的异质性细菌群落，免疫系统难以清除。本综述通过重点介绍近期的细菌单细胞测序研究，讨论了生物膜所采用的机制，如细菌代谢和毒素产生的改变，以诱导免疫功能障碍。此外，还研究了免疫识别和代谢在生物膜控制中的作用，重点是粒细胞髓源性抑制细胞的作用以及如何针对不同的组织微环境调整反应。我们还探讨了新出现的证据，这些证据揭示了感染微环境、宿主遗传变异性和细菌异质性在金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜感染期间塑造免疫反应方面的重要性。
