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研究从楝树中绿色合成的氧化铜纳米颗粒用于对抗小麦镉胁迫的用途。

Investigating the use of green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles from Melia azedarach to combat cadmium stress in wheat.

作者信息

Naz Iram, Chahel Aysha Arif, Ahmad Ishtiaq, Raza Amber, Haider Muhammad Waseem, Zaheer Muhammad Saqlain, Riaz Muhammad Waheed, Rizwan Muhammad, Manoharadas Salim

机构信息

Department of Botany, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.

Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 25;15(1):27111. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10168-x.

DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-10168-x
PMID:40715258
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12297259/
Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop that is essential for global food security and nutrition. However, cadmium (Cd) stress significantly impairs plant growth and development by disrupting biological processes. This study investigated the potential of the use of CuO nanoparticles synthesized from Melia azedarach (MA-CuONPs) as a strategy to mitigate the lethal effects of CdCl and enhance the resilience of T. aestivum L. cv. Arooj-22. The experiment utilized a completely randomized design with a two-factor factorial arrangement and three replications. The green synthesis of MA-CuONPs was achieved via the use of M. azedarach leaves, where copper ions are reduced by plant extracts. The NPs were analyzed via a UV spectrophotometer, which showed a maximum absorbance at 218 nm, confirming the successful formation of green-synthesized MA-CuONPs. The CdCl concentrations used were 0, 10, 20, and 30 ppm, whereas MA-CuONPs were applied at concentrations of 0, 10, 15, and 20 ppm. CdCl was administered 15 days postgermination, and MA-CuONPs were foliar sprayed during three growth stages, namely, tillering, jointing, and heading, with Tween 80 as a surfactant. The morphological, physiological, and anatomical parameters of the stem and root and yield parameters were recorded and analyzed via Statisticin 8.1 (two-way ANOVA). The results indicated that at the highest Cd concentration (30 ppm), all the measured parameters significantly decreased, reflecting the adverse effects of Cd stress. Conversely, the application of 20 ppm MA-CuONPs significantly increased all the parameters, demonstrating their ability to mitigate Cd-induced stress. As the Cd concentration increased, a corresponding decline in plant performance was observed, while increasing the CuNP concentration led to improved growth and resilience. This study highlights the potential of CuNPs to increase wheat performance under heavy metal stress, positioning them as a promising approach for improving wheat resilience and productivity in contaminated environments.

摘要

小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）是一种主食作物，对全球粮食安全和营养至关重要。然而，镉（Cd）胁迫会扰乱生物过程，严重损害植物的生长和发育。本研究调查了使用从苦楝（MA-CuONPs）合成的氧化铜纳米颗粒作为减轻CdCl致死效应并增强普通小麦品种Arooj-22恢复力的策略的潜力。该实验采用完全随机设计，具有双因素析因安排和三次重复。MA-CuONPs的绿色合成是通过使用苦楝叶实现的，其中铜离子被植物提取物还原。通过紫外分光光度计对纳米颗粒进行分析，结果显示在218 nm处有最大吸光度，证实了绿色合成的MA-CuONPs的成功形成。使用的CdCl浓度为0、10、20和30 ppm，而MA-CuONPs的施用浓度为0、10、15和20 ppm。CdCl在发芽后15天施用，MA-CuONPs在三个生长阶段（即分蘖期、拔节期和抽穗期）进行叶面喷施，以吐温80作为表面活性剂。通过Statisticin 8.1（双向方差分析）记录并分析茎和根的形态、生理和解剖参数以及产量参数。结果表明，在最高Cd浓度（30 ppm）下，所有测量参数均显著下降，反映了Cd胁迫的不利影响。相反，施用20 ppm的MA-CuONPs显著提高了所有参数，表明它们具有减轻Cd诱导胁迫的能力。随着Cd浓度的增加，观察到植物性能相应下降，而增加CuNP浓度则导致生长和恢复力改善。本研究突出了铜纳米颗粒在重金属胁迫下提高小麦性能的潜力，使其成为改善受污染环境中小麦恢复力和生产力的一种有前景的方法。

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