Liu Yang, Li Lei, Jiang Mi, Geng Jiaxian
School of Physical Education, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China.
School of Physical Education, North East Normal University, Changchun, China.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025 Jul 27. doi: 10.1007/s00421-025-05913-z.
This study aimed to compare the differential effects of unilateral, bilateral, and hybrid complex resistance training on straight punch performance in adolescent boxers and to explore the regulatory mechanisms underlying different training modalities on dominant and non-dominant-side motor performance.
This study employed a parallel group design with three intervention groups: unilateral resistance training, bilateral resistance training, and hybrid combined training. Twenty-nine right-handed orthodox stance adolescent boxers were recruited and randomly assigned to a unilateral training group (UNI, n = 10), a hybrid training group (UNI + BI, n = 9), or a bilateral training group (BI, n = 10) for an 8-week specialized resistance training intervention. Based on bilateral one-repetition maximum (1RM) test results, unilateral training loads were set at 50% of bilateral 1RM, and bilateral training loads at 85% of bilateral 1RM. The Xsens MTw Awinda inertial motion capture system and GymAware linear sensor were synchronized to measure peak punch speed and sandbag swing linear velocity for the lead hand (non-dominant side) and rear hand (dominant side).
Time main effect analysis revealed that all three training modalities significantly enhanced straight punch performance for both hands (lead hand: p < 0.01; rear hand: p < 0.05). Interaction effect analysis indicated that, for lead hand straight punch performance, the unilateral group (Δ22.3%) and hybrid group (Δ20.1%) exhibited significantly greater peak speed gains than the bilateral group (Δ9.6%, p < 0.05). The main effect of training type did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05).
In complex resistance training, unilateral and hybrid protocols more effectively improve non-dominant-side punching performance, likely due to neuromuscular adaptations driven by unilateral loads selectively activating weak link muscle groups and optimized motor unit recruitment through bilateral-unilateral coordinated training. It is recommended that coaches refine training designs by incorporating unilateral exercises and adjusting load distribution to enhance non-dominant-side performance and bilateral symmetry in adolescent boxers.
本研究旨在比较单侧、双侧和混合复合阻力训练对青少年拳击手直拳表现的差异影响，并探讨不同训练方式对优势侧和非优势侧运动表现的调节机制。
本研究采用平行组设计，设有三个干预组：单侧阻力训练、双侧阻力训练和混合组合训练。招募了29名右势正统站姿的青少年拳击手，并将其随机分配到单侧训练组（UNI，n = 10）、混合训练组（UNI + BI，n = 9）或双侧训练组（BI，n = 10），进行为期8周的专项阻力训练干预。根据双侧一次重复最大值（1RM）测试结果，将单侧训练负荷设定为双侧1RM的50%，双侧训练负荷设定为双侧1RM的85%。使用Xsens MTw Awinda惯性运动捕捉系统和GymAware线性传感器同步测量前手（非优势侧）和后手（优势侧）的直拳峰值速度和沙袋摆动线速度。
时间主效应分析显示，所有三种训练方式均显著提高了双手的直拳表现（前手：p < 0.01；后手：p < 0.05）。交互效应分析表明，对于前手直拳表现，单侧组（Δ22.3%）和混合组（Δ20.1%）的峰值速度增益显著大于双侧组（Δ9.6%，p < 0.05）。训练类型的主效应未达到统计学显著性（p > 0.05）。
在复合阻力训练中，单侧和混合训练方案能更有效地提高非优势侧的拳击表现，这可能是由于单侧负荷选择性激活薄弱环节肌肉群以及通过双侧 - 单侧协调训练优化运动单位募集所驱动的神经肌肉适应性变化。建议教练通过纳入单侧练习和调整负荷分布来优化训练设计，以提高青少年拳击手的非优势侧表现和双侧对称性。
