Yu Miao, Ma Hongxia, Lai Xiaoyi, Wu Jiannan, Shen Mengmeng, Yan Junqiang
Key Laboratory of Neuromolecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2025 Jul 11;17:1592578. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1592578. eCollection 2025.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, as carriers for intercellular communication, are rich in bioactive substances such as proteins and nucleic acids, and show unique potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Their vesicular structure, with a diameter of 30-150 nm, can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and modulate the activity of microglia and astrocytes by delivering functional molecules. This process inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory factors and enhances the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators, thereby alleviating neuroinflammation in the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases. As natural drug carriers, extracellular vesicles can improve the targeted delivery efficiency of therapeutic molecules. However, their specific anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain not fully understood and require further exploration. This article discusses the anti-inflammatory effects in the context of neurodegenerative diseases and provides a summary and outlook on the anti-inflammatory actions associated with extracellular vesicles from past research.
间充质干细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡作为细胞间通讯的载体，富含蛋白质和核酸等生物活性物质，在神经退行性疾病的治疗中显示出独特的潜力。它们的囊泡结构直径为30-150纳米，能够穿透血脑屏障，并通过传递功能分子来调节小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的活性。这一过程抑制促炎因子的释放，增强抗炎介质的表达，从而减轻神经退行性疾病病理过程中的神经炎症。作为天然药物载体，细胞外囊泡可以提高治疗分子的靶向递送效率。然而，它们具体的抗炎机制仍未完全明确，需要进一步探索。本文讨论了在神经退行性疾病背景下的抗炎作用，并对过去研究中与细胞外囊泡相关的抗炎作用进行了总结和展望。
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