Kim Doyoon, Morikawa Satoru, Miyawaki Masashi, Nakagawa Taneaki, Ogawa Sumito, Kase Yoshitaka
Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Osteoporos Sarcopenia. 2025 Jun;11(2 Suppl):65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.afos.2025.05.005. Epub 2025 Jun 4.
Sarcopenia is characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in older adults and is associated with reduced quality of life, an increased risk of requiring long-term care, and a significant economic burden on both patients and their families. In the context of global population aging, sarcopenia presents substantial health and social challenges. However, no effective pharmacological treatment has been established to date, and current management relies on non-pharmacological interventions. This review provides an overview of the most recent evidence on exercise, nutrition, and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) as strategies to prevent the onset and progression of sarcopenia and discusses their effectiveness and limitations. Although the effectiveness of resistance training, alone or in combination with multicomponent exercise, has been demonstrated, the benefits of nutritional interventions and EMS remain limited. From a pathophysiological perspective, chronic inflammation has been identified as a key contributor to sarcopenia progression and is increasingly considered a potential therapeutic target. This review underscores the significance of a comprehensive intervention strategy tailored to the needs of the older population.
肌肉减少症的特征是老年人骨骼肌质量、力量和身体机能下降，与生活质量降低、需要长期护理的风险增加以及给患者及其家庭带来重大经济负担相关。在全球人口老龄化的背景下，肌肉减少症带来了巨大的健康和社会挑战。然而，迄今为止尚未确立有效的药物治疗方法，目前的管理依赖于非药物干预措施。本综述概述了关于运动、营养和电刺激肌肉疗法（EMS）作为预防肌肉减少症发生和进展策略的最新证据，并讨论了它们的有效性和局限性。尽管已证明抗阻训练单独或与多组分运动相结合的有效性，但营养干预和EMS的益处仍然有限。从病理生理学角度来看，慢性炎症已被确定为肌肉减少症进展的关键因素，并越来越被视为一个潜在的治疗靶点。本综述强调了针对老年人群需求的综合干预策略的重要性。
