Thode Hayley, Heshmati Javad, Mir Hassan
University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
BMJ Open. 2025 Jul 28;15(7):e101489. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-101489.
Despite the rise in popularity of e-cigarette smoking or 'vaping', its long-term health consequences are still being investigated. In particular, it is unclear what impact e-cigarette use has on aerobic performance and exercise capacity. This information has important implications both for tobacco smokers as a harm reduction approach, and youth and young adults who are increasingly turning to e-cigarettes recreationally. Thus, this review aims to systematically evaluate the literature surrounding the effects of regular e-cigarette use on markers of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity.
This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. A systematic search was undertaken in October 2024, using the defined population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, study time framework to identify all relevant articles. Studies will be eligible if they include individuals who use e-cigarette products, assess regular e-cigarette use as an exposure, compare to a group of non-users and report outcomes related to measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (eg, VO2max, 6 min walk test) or physical activity (eg, sport participation, meeting weekly physical activity guidelines), regardless of study duration. Searched databases will include PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase, with no restriction to date or language of publication. Two reviewers will carry out the title and abstract screening, full text review and data extraction. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for non-randomised studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (v2) for randomised studies. Study heterogeneity will be assessed using the Q and I statistic tests. Efforts will be made to conduct a meta-analysis if sufficient data and homogeneity are present. Otherwise, a narrative synthesis will be conducted, focusing on common themes, subgroups and sources of variability.
Ethics approval is not required for this review of previously published or presented data. The results of the review will be disseminated via conference presentations and peer-reviewed publication. Moreover, results of this review may inform public health recommendations and identify areas in the field where further research is needed.
CRD420250589685.
尽管电子烟吸食（即“雾化”）越来越流行，但其长期健康后果仍在研究中。特别是，目前尚不清楚使用电子烟对有氧运动能力和运动耐力有何影响。这一信息对于作为一种减少危害方法的吸烟者，以及越来越多地将电子烟用于娱乐的青少年和年轻人都具有重要意义。因此，本综述旨在系统评估围绕定期使用电子烟对心肺适能和身体活动指标影响的文献。
本方案遵循系统评价与Meta分析方案的首选报告项目指南。2024年10月进行了系统检索，使用定义的人群、干预措施、对照、结局、研究时间框架来识别所有相关文章。如果研究包括使用电子烟产品的个体，将定期使用电子烟作为一种暴露因素进行评估，与一组非使用者进行比较，并报告与心肺适能测量指标（如最大摄氧量、6分钟步行试验）或身体活动（如体育参与、达到每周身体活动指南）相关的结局，则这些研究将符合纳入标准，无论研究持续时间如何。检索的数据库将包括PubMed/Medline、Cochrane图书馆和Embase，对出版日期或语言无限制。两名评审员将进行标题和摘要筛选、全文评审和数据提取。将使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估非随机研究的偏倚风险，使用Cochrane偏倚风险工具（第2版）评估随机研究的偏倚风险。将使用Q统计量和I统计量检验评估研究异质性。如果有足够的数据且具有同质性，将努力进行Meta分析。否则，将进行叙述性综合分析，重点关注共同主题、亚组和变异来源。
对先前发表或展示的数据进行本综述无需伦理批准。综述结果将通过会议报告和同行评审出版物进行传播。此外，本综述的结果可能为公共卫生建议提供信息，并确定该领域需要进一步研究的领域。
PROSPERO注册号：CRD420250589685。
