Rausch Jamie, Horne Kaitlyn E, Marquez Luis
School of Nursing, Indiana University, Fort Wayne Campus, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA.
Independent Researcher, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA.
Biomedicines. 2025 Jul 19;13(7):1770. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13071770.
Internationally, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity rates are increasing significantly. As these epidemics continue to spread, the continuation of further research is paramount given that chronic diseases, such as T2DM, cause strain on both economies and healthcare systems. Recently, adipose tissue has been identified as an endocrine organ that produces many hormones that influence many bodily processes. Adipose tissue dysregulation (ATD)-when adipokines (adipose tissue hormones) are produced in abnormal amounts-plays an important role in T2DM development, progression, and prognosis. This narrative review focuses on mechanisms linking ATD with T2DM through adipokine actions (specifically, leptin and adiponectin) on insulin resistance and glucose metabolism. Here we show that the adipokines leptin and adiponectin are valuable in monitoring, diagnosing, and treating diseases. Further, their ratio (the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, or LAR) may be more valuable than either adipokine individually. The LAR may give researchers the ability to utilize a primary prevention approach by utilizing LAR as a biomarker influencing early prognosis and treatment. Targeting ATD through diet, weight loss, physical activity, etc., may improve prevention and management outcomes for patients living with or at risk of T2DM.
在国际上，2型糖尿病（T2DM）的患病率和肥胖率正在显著上升。随着这些流行病的持续蔓延，鉴于诸如T2DM之类的慢性病给经济和医疗系统都带来压力，继续开展进一步研究至关重要。最近，脂肪组织已被确认为一种内分泌器官，它能产生许多影响身体诸多过程的激素。脂肪组织功能失调（ATD）——即脂肪因子（脂肪组织激素）产生量异常时——在T2DM的发生、发展和预后中起重要作用。这篇叙述性综述聚焦于通过脂肪因子（具体而言，瘦素和脂联素）对胰岛素抵抗和葡萄糖代谢的作用将ATD与T2DM联系起来的机制。在此我们表明，脂肪因子瘦素和脂联素在疾病的监测、诊断和治疗中具有重要价值。此外，它们的比值（瘦素与脂联素比值，即LAR）可能比单独的任何一种脂肪因子更有价值。LAR可能使研究人员有能力通过将LAR用作影响早期预后和治疗的生物标志物来采用一级预防方法。通过饮食、减重、体育活动等针对ATD进行干预，可能会改善T2DM患者或有T2DM风险人群的预防和管理效果。
