Sobczyńska-Rak Aleksandra, Żylińska Beata, Nowicka Beata, Rak Eryk, Rzepka Tomasz
Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland.
Medical Faculty-Student, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Jun 25;14(7):756. doi: 10.3390/biology14070756.
This article presents the accurate and current state of knowledge regarding the process of angiogenesis in neoplastic cells and its importance for tumour development. It provides a detailed review of the different types of angiogenesis with a brief discussion of individual angiogenic factors. Pathological angiogenesis in tumour tissues and the production of angiogenic factors have been recognised as key features responsible for cancerous development and distant metastasis formation since 1971. A phenomenon known as an angiogenic switch allows neoplasm to transform from an avascular to a vascular phase. The emerging new network of blood vessels allows cancer cells to efficiently exchange gases, provide nutrients and eliminate metabolic waste products. The main factors stimulating the angiogenesis process are VEGF, FGF, EGF, PDGF, and TGF-β1. To date, the most specific, strongest and most widely studied factor is VEGF. It is regarded as the main mitogen for vascular endothelial cells, stimulating their proliferation, and it is therefore referred to as a survival factor for cancer cells. Several mechanisms of new blood-vessel formation in cancerous tissue have also been identified. The three dominant processes include vascular sprouting, intussusceptive angiogenesis and vessel co-option. Angiogenesis in cancer tissues remains a subject of numerous scientific studies. A thorough understanding of the mechanism of oncogenesis and tumour expansion appears to be the starting point for future research aimed at finding effective anti-cancer therapy.
本文介绍了有关肿瘤细胞中血管生成过程及其对肿瘤发展重要性的准确和当前知识状态。它详细回顾了不同类型的血管生成，并简要讨论了各个血管生成因子。自1971年以来，肿瘤组织中的病理性血管生成和血管生成因子的产生已被认为是导致癌症发展和远处转移形成的关键特征。一种称为血管生成开关的现象使肿瘤从无血管阶段转变为血管阶段。新出现的血管网络使癌细胞能够有效地交换气体、提供营养并清除代谢废物。刺激血管生成过程的主要因素是血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）、表皮生长因子（EGF）、血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF）和转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）。迄今为止，最特异、最强且研究最广泛的因子是VEGF。它被认为是血管内皮细胞的主要促有丝分裂原，刺激其增殖，因此被称为癌细胞的生存因子。还确定了癌组织中新血管形成的几种机制。三个主要过程包括血管芽生、套叠式血管生成和血管共选择。癌组织中的血管生成仍然是众多科学研究的主题。深入了解肿瘤发生和肿瘤扩展机制似乎是未来旨在寻找有效抗癌疗法的研究的起点。
