Maulu Sahya, Langi Sandra, Hasimuna Oliver J, Missinhoun Dagoudo, Munganga Brian P, Hampuwo Buumba M, Gabriel Ndakalimwe Naftal, Elsabagh Mabrouk, Van Doan Hien, Abdul Kari Zulhisyam, Dawood Mahmoud A O
Centre for Innovative Approach Zambia (CIAZ), Plot No. 119825, Chalala, Lusaka, Zambia.
Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda.
Anim Nutr. 2022 Aug 8;11:334-349. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.013. eCollection 2022 Dec.
The aquafeed industry continues to expand in response to the rapidly growing aquaculture sector. However, the identification of alternative protein sources in aquatic animal diets to replace conventional sources due to cost and sustainability issues remains a major challenge. Recently, insects have shown tremendous results as potential replacers of fishmeal in aquafeed. The present study aimed to review the utilization of insects in aquafeeds and their effects on aquatic animals' growth and feed utilization, immune response and disease resistance, and fish flesh quality and safety. While many insect species have been investigated in aquaculture, the black soldier fly (), and the mealworm () are the most studied and most promising insects to replace fishmeal in aquafeed. Generally, insect rearing conditions and biomass processing methods may affect the product's nutritional composition, digestibility, shelf life and required insect inclusion level by aquatic animals. Also, insect-recommended inclusion levels for aquatic animals vary depending on the insect species used, biomass processing method, and test organism. Overall, while an appropriate inclusion level of insects in aquafeed provides several nutritional and health benefits to aquatic animals, more studies are needed to establish optimum requirements levels for different aquaculture species at different stages of development and under different culture systems.
随着水产养殖业的迅速发展，水产饲料行业也在持续扩张。然而，由于成本和可持续性问题，寻找水产动物饲料中的替代蛋白质来源以取代传统来源仍然是一项重大挑战。最近，昆虫作为水产饲料中鱼粉的潜在替代品已显示出巨大成效。本研究旨在综述昆虫在水产饲料中的应用及其对水生动物生长、饲料利用率、免疫反应和抗病能力以及鱼肉品质和安全性的影响。虽然在水产养殖中已对许多昆虫种类进行了研究，但黑水虻和黄粉虫是水产饲料中替代鱼粉研究最多且最具潜力的昆虫。一般来说，昆虫的饲养条件和生物质加工方法可能会影响产品的营养成分、消化率、保质期以及水生动物所需的昆虫添加水平。此外，推荐给水生动物的昆虫添加水平会因所使用的昆虫种类、生物质加工方法和受试生物而有所不同。总体而言，虽然在水产饲料中适当添加昆虫可为水生动物带来多种营养和健康益处，但仍需要更多研究来确定不同水产养殖品种在不同发育阶段和不同养殖系统下的最佳需求水平。
