García-Reynoso Issa Carolina, Flores-Dueñas Cesar Augusto, Castro-Del Campo Nohemí, Jácome-Ibarra Mariana, Herrera-Ramírez José Carlomán, Gómez-Gómez Sergio Daniel, Rodríguez-Gaxiola Miguel Ángel, Gaxiola-Camacho Soila Maribel
Institute for Research in Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21387, Mexico.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80260, Mexico.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 14;15(14):2069. doi: 10.3390/ani15142069.
Studies worldwide report cutaneous neoplasms in dogs; however, data in the arid regions of Mexico remain scarce. Here we report the main malignant cutaneous neoplasms diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and describe the associations with age, sex and breed in Mexicali. Neoplastic lesions accounted for 25.52% (698/2735) of the cases, of which 56.59% (395/698) were malignant. The highest prevalence was observed in dogs aged 9-12 years ( = 193), intact males ( = 162), and mixed-breed dogs ( = 247). Round cell neoplasms ( = 309), including lymphoma, transmissible venereal tumors (TVT), and mast cell tumors (MCT), were the most common cell lineage. Using dogs aged 0-4 years as the reference group, dogs aged 9-12 years had 0.241 times the odds of developing malignant neoplasms (95% CI: 0.141-0.415, = 0.0025). Using neutered males as the reference group, intact females showed 2.499 times the odds of developing malignant neoplasms (95% CI: 1.462-4.271, = 0.0042). Compared to mixed-breed dogs, Schnauzers (OR = 0.161) showed significantly lower odds of malignancy (95% CI: 0.082-0.317, = 0.0004), while Pitbull Terriers had 1.748 times more chance of present malignant neoplasia (95% CI: 1.014-3.013, < 0.0001). This study provides significant epidemiological evidence on canine cutaneous neoplasms in an arid region of Mexico, identifying key risk factors and distribution patterns that can guide preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies tailored to regional characteristics.
全球范围内的研究报告了犬类皮肤肿瘤；然而，墨西哥干旱地区的数据仍然稀少。在此，我们报告通过细针穿刺细胞学检查（FNAC）诊断出的主要恶性皮肤肿瘤，并描述在墨西卡利地区这些肿瘤与年龄、性别和品种的关联。肿瘤性病变占病例的25.52%（698/2735），其中56.59%（395/698）为恶性。在9至12岁的犬（n = 193）、未绝育雄性犬（n = 162）和混种犬（n = 247）中观察到最高患病率。圆形细胞肿瘤（n = 309），包括淋巴瘤、传染性性病肿瘤（TVT）和肥大细胞瘤（MCT），是最常见的细胞谱系。以0至4岁的犬作为参照组，9至12岁的犬发生恶性肿瘤的几率为0.241倍（95%置信区间：0.141 - 0.415，P = 0.0025）。以绝育雄性犬作为参照组，未绝育雌性犬发生恶性肿瘤的几率为2.499倍（95%置信区间：1.462 - 4.271，P = 0.0042）。与混种犬相比，雪纳瑞犬（OR = 0.161）发生恶性肿瘤的几率显著更低（95%置信区间：0.082 - 0.317，P = 0.0004），而比特斗牛梗犬发生恶性肿瘤的几率高出1.748倍（95%置信区间：1.014 - 3.013，P < 0.0001）。本研究为墨西哥干旱地区犬类皮肤肿瘤提供了重要的流行病学证据，确定了可指导针对区域特征制定预防、诊断和治疗策略的关键风险因素及分布模式。
